布歇和罗克鲁瓦的腹足类分类 (2005年)
此条目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2017年4月18日) |
布歇和罗克鲁瓦的腹足类分类 (2005年)(Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005))是一个由法国国家自然史博物馆的菲利普·布歇(Philippe Bouchet)和让-皮埃尔·罗克鲁瓦(Jean-Pierre Rocroi)于2005年编辑及出版的腹足类软体动物生物分类系统,以取代过时的腹足纲分类表 (1997年)。所谓腹足类,就是指各种水生或陆生的蜗牛、淡水螺、海螺与蛞蝓。本分类系统刊登于《Malacologia》期刊,包含所有已知的蜗牛与蛞蝓的科,以及腹足类的化石。它亦包括古生代地位未定软体动物,因为这些物种未能分辨到底是腹足纲还是单板纲[1]。本分类系统实际上是由布歇及一个五人专家组共同编写;罗克鲁瓦并没有参与编写,而是与布歇编写分类的文献检索和编辑。
整个分类分为两部份:第一部份是按照ICZN第四版的命名规则而为各个科-族层级分类的统一命名;而第二部份则是各个分类按其位置而组合的分类树。整个分类编辑时间历时二十年。
概说
布歇和罗克鲁瓦的系统是首个以支序分类学为主的完整腹足类分类系统,透过从分子系统发生学的研究成果描划出来。它不再采用传统林奈分类法在纲与总科之间加插的总目、目、亚目等有等级分类,而是采用较自然及统计性的丛集分析而得出的支序(演化分支)。在布歇和罗克鲁瓦的系统,腹足类生物被划分为六个主要的支序:
- 笠形腹足类(Patellogastropoda)
- 古腹足类(Vetigastropoda)
- 仁螺总目(Cocculiniformia)
- 蜑形目(Neritimorpha)
- 新生腹足类(Caenogastropoda)
- 异鳃类(Heterobranchia)
当中,头三个支序并没有再包含其他支序,而是直接跳到总科阶段。在新生腹足类之下还有另外一个支序。相对来说,异鳃类是纲内最复杂的:单单是裸鳃类就在总科以上有六个支序;而对于其他蜗牛,在总科之上有四个支序。
主要分支
笠形腹足类
笠形腹足类生物在本分类被认为是一个支序,而不是分类单元。这个支序包含了多个科与总科,详列如下(†表示已灭绝):
- 笠螺总科 Patelloidea
- 花笠螺总科 Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
- 花笠螺科 Nacellidae Thiele, 1891
- 莲花青螺总科 Lottioidea
- 新似笠螺总科 Neolepetopsoidea
- 新似笠螺科 Neolepetopsidae
- † 科 Daminilidae
- † 科 Lepetopsidae
与先前旁得和林德伯格的腹足类分类 (1997年)的分类相比较,除了笠形腹足类生物在当时被订为一个目级分类而不是支序,本类物种其实没有多大变动。布歇和罗克鲁瓦的分类索性跳过旁得和林德伯格分类的亚目,再加上Neolepetopsoidea这个只包含两个已灭绝科的总科。
古腹足类
古腹足类(Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989)基本上包括了各种笠螺和帽贝,覆盖了原来原始腹足目的大多数物种,计有:
- 总科地位未定
- 科: Ataphridae Cossmann, 1915, Crosseolidae Hickman, 2013, Pendromidae Warén, 1991 (synonym: Trachysmatidae Thiele, 1925), † Schizogoniidae
- 属: Sahlingia Warén & Bouchet, 2001
- 总科 †Amberleyoidea
- 总科 †Eotomarioidea
- 裂螺总科 Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822:亦作裂裙螺总科,是海螺的一个特化体,其下只有裂螺科一个科。
- 鲍螺总科 Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 总科 Lepetelloidea
- 龙角螺总科 Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (热液孔笠螺)
- 莫氏螺总科 †Murchisonioidea Koken, 1889:旧属莫氏螺目
- 总科 Neomphaloidea:belongs in its own independent clade, the Neomphalina, outside the Vetigastropoda [4]
- 翁戎螺总科 Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840:翁戎螺,Neomphalina的姊妹支序[4]
- 总科 †Porcellioidea
- 总科 Scissurelloidea
- 陀螺总科 Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
- 钟螺总科 Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 蝾螺总科 Turbinoidea
仁螺总目
旧分类仁螺总目(Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987)原被分为两大总科:
- 科库螺总科 Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882:保留;
- Lepetelloidea总科 Dall, 1882:包括深海笠螺,被移往古腹足类。
因此,新的分类实际上只馀下科库螺总科之下的两个科。
蜑形类
蜑形类支序包括有原来蜑螺总科(Neritacea)及其下各科,如:蜑螺科(Neritidae)。大致可以分为下列三项:
- † 地位未定古生代蜑形类物种
- † clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
- clade Cycloneritimorpha,蜑螺目
新生腹足类
新生腹足类物种大致分为以下三大分支:
- 主扭舌类支序(Architaenioglossa):原主扭舌目。
- 吸螺类支序(Sorbeoconcha):原吸螺目。
- 高腹足类支序(Hypsogastropoda):原在吸螺目之下,在本分类被提升至与吸螺目同级,可再分为:
包括下列各科和总科:
- 新进腹足类的地位未定物种
- † 科 Plicatusidae
- † 科 Spanionematidae
- † 科 Spirostylidae
- 总科 Acteoninoidea
- † 科 Acteoninidae
- † 科 Anozygidae
- † 科 Soleniscidae
- 总科 Dendropupoidea
- † 科 Dendropupidae
- † 科 Anthracopupidae
- 总科 Paleostyloidea
- † 科 Palaeostylidae
- † 科 Goniasmatidae
- † 科 Pithodeidae
- 总科 Peruneloidea
- † 科 Perunelidae
- † 科 Chuchlinidae
- † 科 Imoglobidae
- † 科 Sphaerodomidae
- 总科 Pseudomelanioidea
- † 科 Pseudomelaniidae
- † 科 Trajanellidae
- 总科 Subulitoidea
- † 科 Subulitidae
- † 科 Ischnoptygmatidae
- grade Zygopleuroid group - 参见 Changes since 2005
- † 科 Zygopleuridae
- 深水螺科 Abyssochrysidae
- † 科 Polygyrinidae
- † 科 Protorculidae
- 普凡螺科 Provannidae
- † 科 Pseudozygopleuridae
新进腹足类的地位未定物种
新进腹足类之下现时地位未定物种都是化石种,包括下列三个科:
- † 科 Plicatusidae
- † 科 Spanionematidae
- † 科 Spirostylidae
异鳃类
异鳃类是纲内最复杂的:单单是裸鳃类就在总科以上有六个支序;而对于其他蜗牛,在总科之上有四个支序。简单来说,异鳃类物种包括了原来的后鳃目及有肺目的物种,原来的基眼亚目在2005年的分类里成为了有肺目之下的一个非正式群组里,当中包括喜湿螺类;而原来的有肺目跟囊舌类等其他物种又组成泛有肺类。其馀没有被归类的物种,皆笼统的被分类到下异鳃类这一个非正式群组里。
系统分类
在下列分类中,只有被归为总科级和科级的分类才会被缩排。不分的支序不会被缩排,但这些名字的字体会改变。有关支序间的从属关系可参看对上一节的列表。
古生代地位未定软体动物
古生代地位未定软体动物(Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position)都只有化石种,大致可以分为下列三个种类:
未能分辨到底是腹足纲还是单板纲物种
以下分类元及物种未能分辨到底是腹足纲还是单板纲(Monoplacophora)
With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)
With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)
已确认为腹足纲基群的分类元
(只包括化石种分类元)
- 总科分类未定
- Family Anomphalidae † :2017年分类不再存在。
- Family Codonocheilidae S. A. Miller, 1889 †
- Family Crassimarginatidae Frýda, Blodgett & Lenz, 2002 †
- Family Holopeidae † :2017年分类不再存在。
- Family Isospiridae Wangberg-Eriksson, 1964 †
- Family Opisthonematidae Yu, 1976 †:后来在2017年的分类为Yuopisthonematidae Nützel, 2017 † 所取代,因为其模式属成为了异名。
- 拟蝾螺科 Paraturbinidae Cossmann, 1916 †
- Family Planitrochidae † :2017年分类不再存在。
- Family Pragoserpulinidae Frýda, 1998 †
- Family Pseudophoridae † :2017年分类不再存在。
- Family Raphistomatidae Koken, 1896 †
- Family Rhytidopilidae Starobogatov, 1976 †
- Family Scoliostomatidae Frýda, Blodgett & Lenz, 2002 †
- Family Sinuopeidae Wenz, 1938 †
- Superfamily Clisospiroidea S. A. Miller, 1889 †
- 曲线螺总科 Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889 †
- † 曲线螺科 Loxonematidae Koken, 1889
- † Palaeozygopleuridae科
- Superfamily Ophiletoidea Koken, 1907 †
- Superfamily Straparollinoidea P. J. Wagner, 2002 †:后来在2017年的分类被认为是Euomphaloidea White, 1877 †的异名。
- Superfamily Trochonematoidea Zittel, 1895 †
笠形腹足类
笠形腹足类支序(Patellogastropoda)在本分类中包括下列四个总科:
- 笠螺总科 Patelloidea
- 花笠螺总科 Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
- 花笠螺科 Nacellidae Thiele, 1891
- 莲花青螺总科 Lottioidea
- Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
- Family Neolepetopsidae
- † Family Daminilidae
- † Family Lepetopsidae
这四个总科之下的分类元在往后的文献曾作多番修订,至今仍未有定案。详见各分支的条目内容。
古腹足类支序
古腹足类支序(Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989)的成员计有:
- Not assigned to a superfamily:
- Family Ataphridae
- Family Pendromidae
- † Family Schizogoniidae
- Superfamily †Amberleyoidea
- † Family Amberleyidae
- † Family Nododelphinulidae
- Superfamily †Eotomarioidea
- † Family Eotomariidae
- † Family Gosseletinidae
- † Family Luciellidae
- † Family Phanerotrematidae
- Superfamily Fissurelloidea
- Family Fissurellidae
- 鲍总科 Haliotoidea
- 鲍科 Haliotidae
- † Family Temnotropidae
- Superfamily Lepetelloidea
- Family Lepetellidae
- Family Addisoniidae
- Family Bathyphytophilidae
- Family Caymanabyssiidae
- Family Cocculinellidae
- Family Osteopeltidae
- Family Pseudococculinidae
- Family Pyropeltidae
- Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
- Family Lepetodrilidae
- Family Clypeosectidae
- Family Sutilizonidae
- Superfamily †Murchisonioidea
- † Family Murchisoniidae
- † Family Cheeneetnukiidae
- † Family Hormotomidae
- Superfamily Neomphaloidea: subsequent research has placed this superfamily in its own clade, the Neomphalina, basal to the Vetigastropoda [5]
- Family Neomphalidae
- Family Melanodrymiidae
- Family Peltospiridae
- Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea
- Family Pleurotomariidae
- † Family Catantostomatidae
- † Family Kittlidiscidae
- † Family Phymatopleuridae
- † Family Polytremariidae
- † Family Portlockiellidae
- † Family Rhaphischismatidae
- † Family Trochotomidae
- † Family Zygitidae
- Superfamily †Porcellioidea
- † Family Porcelliidae
- † Family Cirridae
- † Family Discohelicidae
- † Family Pavlodiscidae
- Superfamily Scissurelloidea
- Family Scissurellidae
- Family Anatomidae
- Superfamily Seguenzioidea
- Family Seguenziidae
- Family Chilodontidae
- † Family Eucyclidae
- † Family Laubellidae
- Superfamily Trochoidea
- Family Trochidae
- Family Calliostomatidae
- † Family Elasmonematidae
- † Family Eucochlidae
- † Family Microdomatidae
- † Family Proconulidae
- Family Solariellidae
- † Family Tychobraheidae
- † Family Velainellidae
- Superfamily Turbinoidea
- Family Turbinidae
- Family Liotiidae
- Family Phasianellidae
Clade Cocculiniformia
- Superfamily Cocculinoidea
- Family Cocculinidae
- Family Bathysciadiidae
蜑形类支序
蜑形类支序的三大分支如下:
地位未定古生代蜑形类物种
- 总科地位未定
- † Family Craspedostomatidae Wenz, 1938
- † Subfamily Craspedostomatinae Wenz, 1938
- † Subfamily Bucanospirinae Wenz, 1938[6]
- † Family Pragoscutulidae
- † Family Craspedostomatidae Wenz, 1938
- Superfamily Nerrhenoidea
- † Family Nerrhenidae
- Superfamily Oriostomatoidea
- † Family Oriostomatidae
- † Family Tubinidae
- 古轮螺总科 Palaeotrochoidea
- Superfamily Platyceratoidea
- † Family Platyceratidae
clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
- 总科地位未定
- † Family Orthonychiidae
- † Family Vltaviellidae
- 树螺总科(Helicinoidea)
- 树螺科(Helicinidae)
- † Family Dawsonellidae
- † Family Deaniridae
- Family Neritiliidae
- Family Proserpinellidae
- Family Proserpinidae
- Superfamily Hydrocenoidea
- Family Hydrocenidae
- 蜑螺总科(Neritoidea)
- 蜑螺科(Neritidae)
- Family Phenacolepadidae
- † Family Pileolidae
- 珍珠蜑螺总科(Neritopsoidea)
- 珍珠蜑螺科(Neritopsidae)
- Family Neritopsidae
- † Family Cortinellidae
- † Family Delphinulopsidae
- † Family Plagiothyridae
- † Family Pseudorthonychiidae
- Family Titiscaniidae
- Superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea
- † Family Symmetrocapulidae
新生腹足类支序
新生腹足类支序(Caenogastropoda)除了主扭舌类、吸螺类及高腹足类三大分支以外,还包括其系统分类地位未定的分类元,分别如下:
- 新生腹足类支序之下系统分类地位未定的科:
- † Family Plicatusidae
- † Family Spanionematidae
- † Family Spirostylidae
- Superfamily Acteoninoidea
- † Family Acteoninidae
- † Family Anozygidae
- † Family Soleniscidae
- Superfamily Dendropupoidea
- † Family Dendropupidae
- † Family Anthracopupidae
- Superfamily Paleostyloidea
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- † Family Goniasmatidae
- † Family Pithodeidae
- Superfamily Peruneloidea
- † Family Perunelidae
- † Family Chuchlinidae
- † Family Imoglobidae
- † Family Sphaerodomidae
- Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- † Family Trajanellidae
- Superfamily Subulitoidea
- † Family Subulitidae
- † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
- grade Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005
- † Family Zygopleuridae
- Family Abyssochrysidae
- † Family Polygyrinidae
- † Family Protorculidae
- Family Provannidae
- † Family Pseudozygopleuridae
主扭舌类非正式群组
主扭舌类非正式群组(Informal group Architaenioglossa)包括下列各个总科与科:
- 瓶螺总科 Ampullarioidea J.E. Gray, 1824
- 瓶螺科 Ampullariidae J.E. Gray, 1824
- † Family Naricopsinidae
- 山蜗牛总科 Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (陆生)
- 山蜗牛科 Cyclophoridae J.E. Gray, 1847 (陆生)
- Family Aciculidae
- Family Craspedopomatidae
- Family Diplommatinidae
- † Family Ferussinidae
- Family Maizaniidae
- Family Megalomastomatidae
- Family Neocyclotidae
- Family Pupinidae
- 田螺总科 Viviparoidea
- 田螺科 Viviparidae
- † Family Pliopholygidae
此外,根据其他文献,深水螺总科被认为跟本群组的
吸螺类支序
吸螺类(Sorbeoconcha)原为吸螺目,亦作吸腔目,由三个亚目组成:
- 蟹守螺形亚目 Cerithiimorpha
- 盘足亚目 Discopoda
- 莫氏螺亚目 Murchisoniina
以下为本支序之下各总科与科:
- 总科地位未定
- † Family Acanthonematidae
- † Family Canterburyellidae
- † Family Prisciphoridae
- 蟹守螺总科 Cerithioidea
- 蟹守螺科 Cerithiidae
- Family Batillariidae
- † Family Brachytrematidae
- † Family Cassiopidae
- Family Dialidae
- Family Diastomatidae
- † Family Eustomatidae
- † Family Ladinulidae
- † Family Lanascalidae
- Family Litiopidae
- † Family Maoraxidae
- Family Melanopsidae
- † Family Metacerithiidae
- Family Modulidae
- Family Pachychilidae
- Family Paludomidae
- Family Planaxidae
- Family Pleuroceridae
- † Family Popenellidae
- Family Potamididae
- † Family Procerithiidae - If the genus Argyropeza is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is not all fossil.
- † Family Prostyliferidae
- † Family Propupaspiridae
- Family Scaliolidae
- Family Siliquariidae
- † Family Terebrellidae - not a valid name
- Family Thiaridae
- 锥螺科 Turritellidae
- 钟形蟹守螺总科 Campaniloidea
- 钟形蟹守螺科 Campanilidae
- Family Ampullinidae
- Family Plesiotrochidae
- † Family Trypanaxidae
高腹足类支序
高腹足类(Hypsogastropoda)包括有 玉黍螺类支序(Littorinimorpha)、新腹足类支序 (Neogastropoda)及翼舌类非正式群组(Ptenoglossa),还有以下不属于任何总科的四个化石科:
- † Family Coelostylinidae
- † Family Maturifusidae
- † Family Pommerozygiidae
- † Family Settsassiidae
玉黍螺类支序
玉黍螺类支序(Littorinimorpha)包括下列各个总科与科:
- 舟螺总科 Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
- 舟螺科 Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809
- Superfamily Capuloidea
- Family Capulidae
- 星黍螺总科 Cingulopsoidea
- 星黍螺科 Cingulopsidae
- Family Eatoniellidae
- Family Rastodentidae
- 宝螺总科 Cypraeoidea
- 枇杷螺总科 Ficoidea
- 玉黍螺总科 Littorinoidea
- 玉黍螺科 Littorinidae
- † Family Bohaispiridae
- Family Pickworthiidae
- Family Pomatiidae
- † Family Purpurinidae
- Family Skeneopsidae
- † Family Tripartellidae
- Family Zerotulidae
- 玉螺总科 Naticoidea
- Superfamily Pterotracheoidea
- Family Pterotracheidae
- 海蝶螺科 Atlantidae
- † Family Bellerophinidae
- 龙骨螺科 Carinariidae
- 麂眼螺总科 Rissooidea
- 麂眼螺科 麂眼螺科
- Family Amnicolidae
- Family Anabathridae
- Family Assimineidae
- Family Barleeiidae
- Family 沼螺科
- Family Caecidae
- Family Calopiidae
- Family Cochliopidae
- Family Elachisinidae
- Family Emblandidae
- Family Epigridae
- Family Falsicingulidae
- Family Helicostoidae
- 觿螺科 Hydrobiidae
- Family Hydrococcidae
- Family Iravadiidae
- Family Lithoglyphidae
- † Family Mesocochliopidae
- Family Moitessieriidae
- † Family Palaeorissoinidae
- 盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae
- Family 粟螺科
- 齿轮螺科 Tornidae
- 截螺科 Truncatellidae
- 凤凰螺总科 Stromboidea
- 凤凰螺科 Strombidae
- Family Aporrhaidae
- † Family Colombellinidae
- † Family Pugnellidae
- Family Seraphsidae
- Family Struthiolariidae
- † Family Thersiteidae
- † Family Tylostomatidae
- 鹑螺总科Tonnoidea
- 鹑螺科 鹑螺科
- Family Bursidae
- Family Laubierinidae
- Family 扭法螺科
- 皮山螺科 Pisanianuridae
- 法螺科 Ranellidae
- 唐冠螺科 Cassidae
- 白雕螺总科 Vanikoroidea
- 白雕螺科 Vanikoridae
- Family Haloceratidae
- 顶盖螺科 Hipponicidae
- † Family Omalaxidae
- 薄板螺总科 Velutinoidea
- 蛇螺总科 Vermetoidea
- 缀壳螺总科 Xenophoroidea
- 缀壳螺科 Xenophoridae
- † Family Lamelliphoridae
翼舌类非正式群组
翼舌类(Ptenoglossa)这个非正式的群组是一个并系群,包括下列三个总科:
新腹足类支序
新腹足类支序(Neogastropoda)包括以下各个总科:
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- † Family Johnwyattiidae
- † Family Perissityidae
- † Family Sarganidae
- † Family Speightiidae
- † Family Taiomidae
- † Family Weeksiidae
- 峨螺总科 Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 峨螺科 Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 布纹螺科 Colubrariidae Dall, 1904
- 核螺科 麦螺科 Swainson, 1840:又名麦螺科[7]
- 旋螺科 Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853:又名细带螺科[8]
- 香螺科 香螺科 Gill, 1871 (1854):==Galeodidae,又名盔螺科[9]
- 织纹螺科 Nassariidae Iredale, 1916 (1835)
- 骨螺总科(Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815)
- 榧螺总科(Olivoidea Latreille, 1825)[9]
- 榧螺科(Olividae Latreille, 1825)[9]
- Family Olivellidae
- 拟榧螺总科(Pseudolivoidea (de Gregorio, 1880))
- 拟榧螺科(Pseudolividae (de Gregorio, 1880))
- Family Ptychatractidae
- 芋螺总科(Conoidea Fleming, 1822)
- 芋螺科(Conidae Fleming, 1822)
- Family Clavatulidae
- Family Drilliidae
- Family Pseudomelatomidae
- Family Strictispiridae
- Family Terebridae
- Family Turridae
- 核螺总科(Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851)
异鳃类支序
异鳃类支序(Heterobranchia)大致可以分成以下三个非正式群组:
- 异鳃类(Heterobranchia)
- 后鳃类(Opisthobranchia)及
- 有肺类(Pulmonata)
下异鳃类非正式群组
下异鳃类非正式群组("Lower Heterobranchia";= Allogastropoda)
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- Family Cimidae
- † Family Dolomitellidae
- † Family Heterosubulitidae
- † Family Kuskokwimiidae
- † Family Misurinellidae
- Family Orbitestellidae
- Family Tjaernoeiidae
- Family Xylodisculidae
- Superfamily Acteonoidea
- Family Acteonidae
- † Family Acteonellidae
- Family Aplustridae
- Family Bullinidae
- † Family Zardinellidae
- Superfamily Architectonicoidea
- Family Architectonicidae
- † Family Amphitomariidae
- † Family Cassianaxidae
- Superfamily Glacidorboidea
- Family Glacidorbidae
- Superfamily Mathildoidea
- Family Mathildidae
- † Family Ampezzanildidae
- † Family Anoptychiidae
- † Family Gordenellidae
- † Family Tofanellidae
- † Family Trachoecidae
- Superfamily Nerineoidea
- † Family Nerineidae
- † Family Ceritellidae
- † Family Nerinellidae
- Superfamily Omalogyroidea
- Family Omalogyridae
- † Family Studraxidae
- Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
- Family Pyramidellidae
- Family Amathinidae
- † Family Heteroneritidae
- Family Murchisonellidae
- 露齿螺总科 Ringiculoidea
- Superfamily Rissoelloidea
- Family Rissoellidae
- Superfamily Streptacidoidea
- † Family Streptacididae
- † Family Cassianebalidae
- Superfamily Valvatoidea
- Family Valvatidae
- Family Cornirostridae
- Family Hyalogyrinidae
- † Family Provalvatidae
后鳃类
后鳃类非正式群组(Opisthobranchia)源自原来的后鳃目,包括以下八个分类:
- 头楯目(Cephalaspidea)
- 有壳翼足类支序(Thecosomata)
- 裸体翼足类支序(Gymnosomata)
- 海鹿形支序(Aplysiomorpha)
- 囊舌类支序(Sacoglossa)
- Umbraculida
- 裸侧类(Nudipleura)及
- Acochlidiacea与Cylindrobullida这两个群组。
头楯目
头楯目(Cephalaspidea)包括以下五个总科:
- 枣螺总科 Bulloidea:当时还未包括现时的米螺科
- Superfamily Diaphanoidea
- Family Diaphanidae
- Family Notodiaphanidae
- 长葡萄螺总科 Haminoeoidea
- 壳蛞蝓总科 Philinoidea
- 壳蛞蝓科 Philinidae:又名薄泡螺科
- 拟海牛科 Aglajidae
- 盒螺科 Cylichnidae
- 腹翼螺科 Gastropteridae[10]
- Family Philinoglossidae
- Family Plusculidae
- 凹塔螺科 Retusidae
- 羽叶鳃总科 Runcinoidea
- 羽叶鳃科 Runcinidae
- Family Ilbiidae
有壳翼足类
有壳翼足类支序(Thecosomata)包括以下各个科与总科:
- Superfamily Cavolinioidea
- Family Cavoliniidae
- Family Limacinidae
- † Family Sphaerocinidae
- Superfamily Cymbulioidea
- Family Cymbuliidae
- Family Desmopteridae
- Family Peraclidae
裸体翼足类
裸体翼足类支序(Gymnosomata)包括以下两个总科:
- Superfamily Clionoidea
- Family Clionidae
- Family Cliopsidae
- Family Notobranchaeidae
- Family Pneumodermatidae
- Superfamily Hydromyloidea
- Family Hydromylidae
- Family Laginiopsidae
海鹿形支序(=无盾目)
Group Acochlidiacea
- Superfamily Acochlidioidea
- Family Acochlidiidae
- Superfamily Hedylopsoidea
- Family Hedylopsidae
- Family Ganitidae
- Family Livorniellidae
- Family Minicheviellidae
- Family Parhedylidae
- Family Tantulidae
- Superfamily Palliohedyloidea
- Family Palliohedylidae
- Superfamily Strubellioidea
- Family Strubelliidae
- Family Pseudunelidae
囊舌类支序
囊舌类支序(Sacoglossa)包括下列两个亚支序:
长足亚支序
长足亚支序(Oxynoacea)皆为有壳物种[11],成员如下:
- 长足总科 Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847):本总科物种。
海天牛亚支序
海天牛亚支序(Placobranchacea)主要成员皆为没有壳的物种,详细如下:
- 海天牛总科 Placobranchoidea Gray, 1840
- 海天牛科 Placobranchidae Gray, 1840
- Family Boselliidae
- Family Platyhedylidae Salvini-Plawen, 1973
- 柱状总科 Limapontioidea Gray, 1847
- 柱状科 Limapontiidae Gray, 1847:旧作棍螺科 Stiligeridae[12]
- Family Caliphyllidae
- 荷叶鳃科 Hermaeidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
Group Cylindrobullida
伞螺类支序
伞螺类支序(Umbraculida)包括由下列两个科组成的伞螺总科:
- 伞螺总科 Umbraculoidea
- 伞螺科 Umbraculidae
- Family Tylodinidae
裸侧类
裸侧类支序(Nudipleura)由侧鳃类亚支序和裸鳃类亚支序
侧鳃类亚支序
侧鳃类亚支序(Pleurobranchomorpha)只有一个总科:
- Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea
- Family Pleurobranchidae
裸鳃类亚支序
裸鳃类亚支序(Nudibranchia)大致可以分为下列三个部份:
- 有角鳃类支序(Euctinidiacea)
- 无角鳃类支序(Dexiarchia)
- 总科地位未定
- Family Rhodopidae
有角鳃类支序
有角鳃类支序(Euctenidiacea ,即Holohepatica) Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and 海蛞蝓亚支序
Subclade Gnathodoridacea
- Superfamily Bathydoridoidea
- Family Bathydorididae
海蛞蝓亚支序
- Superfamily Doridoidea
- Family Dorididae
- Family Actinocyclidae
- Family Chromodorididae
- Family Discodorididae
- 叶海牛总科 Phyllidioidea Rafinesque, 1814
- 叶海牛科 Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
- 枝鳃海麒麟科 Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 (1864)
- Family Mandeliidae Valdés & Gosliner, 1999
- Superfamily Onchidoridoidea
- Family Onchidorididae
- Family Corambidae
- Family Goniodorididae
- 多角海蛞蝓总科 Polyceroidea (= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
- 多角海蛞蝓科 Polyceridae
- Family Aegiretidae - Aegiretidae is incorrect subsequent spelling of this family in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Correct is Aegiridae.
- Family Gymnodorididae
- Family Hexabranchidae
- Family Okadaiidae
无角鳃类支序
无角鳃类支序(Dexiarchia,即Actenidiacea)包括Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia两个支序:
Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)
- Superfamily Doridoxoidea
- Family Doridoxidae
Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)
Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida
- Not assigned to a superfamily
- Family Charcotiidae
- Family Dironidae
- Family Dotidae
- Family Embletoniidae
- Family Goniaeolididae
- Family Heroidae
- Family Madrellidae
- Family Pinufiidae
- Family Proctonotidae
Subclade Euarminida
- Superfamily Arminoidea
- Family Arminidae
- Family Doridomorphidae
枝鳃类
枝鳃类(Dendronotida)[13]包括下列各科:
- 三歧海牛总科 Tritonioidea Lamarck, 1809
- 三歧海牛科 Tritoniidae Lamarck, 1809
- Family Aranucidae
- 二列鳃海牛科 Bornellidae
- 枝背海牛科 Dendronotidae
- Family Hancockiidae
- Family Lomanotidae
- Family Phylliroidae
- Family Scyllaeidae
- Family Tethydidae
蓑海牛类
- Superfamily Flabellinoidea ( = Pleuroprocta)
- Family Flabellinidae
- Family Notaeolidiidae
- Superfamily Fionoidea
- Family Fionidae
- Family Calmidae
- Family Eubranchidae
- Family Pseudovermidae
- Family Tergipedidae
- 蓑海牛总科 Aeolidioidea
有肺类支序
有肺类支序(Pulmonata)包括非正式群组基眼类及真有肺类支序:
非正式群组基眼类
非正式群组基眼类(Basommatophora)除包括高腹足类支序以外,还包括下列两个总科:
- 两栖螺总科 Amphiboloidea
- Superfamily Siphonarioidea
- Family Siphonariidae
- † Family Acroreiidae
喜湿螺类支序
喜湿螺类支序(Hygrophila)包括以下各个总科:
- 斜顶螺总科 Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
- 斜顶螺科 Acroloxidae Thiele, 1931
- Superfamily Chilinoidea Dall, 1870
- Family Chilinidae Dall, 1870
- Family Latiidae Hutton, 1882
- 椎实螺总科(Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815)
- 椎实螺科(Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815)
- 扁蜷总科(Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815)
- 扁蜷科(Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815)
- 膀胱螺科(Physidae Fitzinger, 1833,又名囊螺科)
真有肺类支序
真有肺类支序(Eupulmonata)除包括收眼类支序和柄眼类支序两个支序以外,还包括下列各总科与科:
- Superfamily Trimusculoidea
- Family Trimusculidae
- Superfamily Otinoidea
- Family Otinidae
- Family Smeagolidae
- 耳螺总科 Ellobioidea(旧属原始有肺目)
收眼类支序
收眼类支序(Systellommatophora=Gymnomorpha)之下有两总科[14],分别为:
- 石磺总科 Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 石磺科 Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 皱足蛞蝓总科 Veronicelloidea Gray, 1840
柄眼类支序
柄眼类支序(Stylommatophora)包括下列两个亚支序与一个非正式群组:
板颚类亚支序
板颚类亚支序(Subclade Elasmognatha)包括:
直尿道类支序
直尿道类支序(Orthurethra)包括下列各总科与科:
- 帕图螺超科(Partuloidea)
- 小玛瑙螺超科(Achatinelloidea)
- 槲果螺超科(Cochlicopoidea)
- 蛹蜗牛超科(Pupilloidea)
- 艾纳螺超科(Enoidea)
- 艾纳螺科(Enidae)
- 霜纳螺科(Cerastidae Wenz, 1923)
弯尿道类非正式群组
弯尿道类非正式群组(Sigmurethra)包括下列各分类单元:
- 烟管蜗牛总科 Clausilioidea Gray, 1855
- 烟管蜗牛科 Clausiliidae Gray, 1855
- † Family Anadromidae
- † Family Filholiidae
- † Family Palaeostoidae
- 彩带螺超科(Orthalicoidea)
- 非洲大蜗牛总科 Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
- 非洲大蜗牛科 Achatinidae Swainson, 1840
- Family Micractaeonidae Schileyko, 1999
- 钻头螺科 Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
- 爱丽蛞蝓超科(Aillyoidea)
- 爱丽蛞蝓科(Aillyidae)
- 小壳螺超科(Testacelloidea)
- Papillodermatoidea
- Papillodermatidae
- 扭轴蜗牛超科(Streptaxoidea)
- 扭轴蜗牛科(Streptaxidae)
- 彩釉蜗牛超科(Rhytidoidea)
- 红蜗牛超科(Acavoidea)
- 圈螺超科(Plectopyloidea)
- 粟蜗牛超科(Punctoidea)
- 袋螺超科(Sagdoidea)
- 袋螺科(Sagdidae)
- 旋蜗牛超科(Helicoidea)
- Staffordioidea
- Staffordiidae
- Dyakioidea
- Dyakiidae
- 腹齿螺总科 Gastrodontoidea[15]
- 小盾螺超科(Parmacelloidea)
- 带螺超科(Zonitoidea)
- 带螺科(Zonitidae)
- 鳖甲蜗牛超科(Helicarionoidea)
- 背盾蛞蝓超科(Limacoidea)
- 欧洲蛞蝓超科(Arionoidea)
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Family Aillyidae
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Family Testacellidae
- Family Oleacinidae
- Family Spiraxidae
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Family Streptaxidae
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family Rhytididae
- Family Chlamydephoridae
- Family Haplotrematidae
- Family Scolodontidae
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Family Acavidae
- Family Caryodidae
- Family Dorcasiidae
- Family Macrocyclidae
- Family Megomphicidae
- Family Strophocheilidae
- Superfamily Plectopyloidea
- Family Plectopylidae
- Family Corillidae
- Family Sculptariidae
- Superfamily Punctoidea
- Family Punctidae
- † Family Anastomopsidae
- Family Charopidae
- Family Cystopeltidae
- Family Discidae
- Family Endodontidae
- Family Helicodiscidae
- Family Oreohelicidae
- Family Thyrophorellidae
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
- Family Sagdidae
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa that probably belong to the superfamily Gastrodontoidea:
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Helicarionidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
Informal group Sigmurethra continued
Two other superfamilies are part of the clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade:
- 总科 Arionoidea
- 科 Arionidae
- 科 Anadenidae
- 科 Ariolimacidae
- 科 Binneyidae
- 科 Oopeltidae
- 科 Philomycidae
- Superfamily Helicoidea
- Family Helicidae
- Family Bradybaenidae
- 坚齿螺科 Camaenidae
- Family Cepolidae
- Family Cochlicellidae
- Family Elonidae
- Family Epiphragmophoridae
- Family Halolimnohelicidae
- Family Helicodontidae
- 扁雕蜗牛科 Helminthoglyptidae
- Family Humboldtianidae
- Family Hygromiidae
- Family Monadeniidae
- 高腰蜗牛科 Pleurodontidae
- Family Polygyridae
- Family Sphincterochilidae
- Family Thysanophoridae
- Family Trissexodontidae
- Family 古巴蜗牛科 Xanthonychidae
参考文献
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