心网虫属
链状心网虫![]() | |
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科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
总门: | 蜕皮动物总门 Ecdysozoa |
演化支: | 泛节肢动物 Panarthropoda |
并系群: | †叶足动物 Lobopodia |
纲: | †异虫纲 Xenusia |
目: | †坚有爪目 Scleronychophora |
演化支: | †怪诞虫类群 Hallucigeniids |
科: | †心网虫科 Cardiodictyidae Hou & Bergstrom, 1995[3] |
属: | †心网虫属 Cardiodictyon Hou, Ramsköld, and Bergström, 1991[1] |
种: | 链状心网虫 C. catenulum
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二名法 | |
Cardiodictyon catenulum Hou, Ramsköld, and Bergström, 1991
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链状心网虫(学名:Cardiodictyon catenulum[1])是心网虫科(学名:Cardiodictyidae[3])心网虫属(学名:Cardiodictyon[1])的唯一一个物种[1][4],也是模式种。此物种在中国南方发现的。[3][1]生存在中寒武纪。[1]此物种的化石标本非常普遍,总共发现多达两百多个心网虫的化石标本,而且大多发现的标本是扁的,而且是弯曲的,[4]再加上化石保存都很好。[5]心网虫的头部具有两对的前附肢[3][6],头里还有可能类似大脑的器官[7][8][9][10][11],头部区域是箭头状,前面的边缘是圆形。其头部由一对大骨片保护,头部前缘有双重结构[3],并有一对眼点[12]; 背板的形状也被重新诠释。[3]嘴巴和肛门位于身体前后的末端。[8]身体很细长还有一条条的环纹[13],23对边边很尖的六角形的骨片,还有23对脚,而脚上两个爪子。[3][1]与怪诞虫属(Hallucigenia)其中的一种强壮怪诞虫 (Hallucigenia fortis),因为既有身长的身躯[14][15][16],与心网虫一样都是在中国发现的。[1]与啰哩山虫属(Luolishania)、微网虫属(Microdictyon)、贫腿虫属(Paucipodia)[17]、爪网虫属 (Onychodictyon)[1]都是在中国早期发现的基群泛节肢生物。[6][18]
命名
心网虫属是在中国云南省澂江市的澄江化石地发现的。[3][4][19]是源自希腊语kardia是指心, 和dictyon是网子的意思。catenula是源自拉丁语, 意指小链条或是铁链,是指心网虫身上的一排一排的骨板。[3]
描述
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/20210926_Cardiodictyon_catenulum_diagrammatic_reconstruction.png/708px-20210926_Cardiodictyon_catenulum_diagrammatic_reconstruction.png)
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Xenusion.png/199px-Xenusion.png)
头部看起来像是椭圆形或是半圆形[4][20],头部有原本被发现有三对细长的前附肢,其中两对已经确定存在,第三对当时还不能确定[1],而之后的研究发现只有两对前附肢。[6][21][20][22],位在头部骨片的更前面。[20]头部的一端被一对大骨片覆盖[3][13][20][22][23],头部有分节[6],没有大骨片的头部看起来就像末端[1],头部和尾部的末端逐渐变得细。[3]在头部上还有细小的眼点。[3][4][12][20][24]身体细长[3][4],大约身长3公分、1公分宽[4],身体没有分节[6],还有25对附肢(头部的两对附肢加上身体的二十三对用来行走的脚)[25][26][27],共有23块的网状六角形骨片[3][13][25][26][28][注 1],每个骨片与骨片的间隔总是有规律的,最后一块的骨片在后面就是身体的尾部,而且尾部是钝的。[3]原本以为身上是没有环纹[1],后来证明有一条条的环纹。[13]发现有一从头部延伸身体的末端条纵向的暗黑色宽带,推测可能是肠子。[3][4][13][29]整个身体的骨板形状几乎没什么变化,每隔一对骨板,也就有一对脚。[3]这一些脚很长,大约是身体宽度的三倍。[1]当初而底部的爪子保存的不完整[1],因而误以为有四、五个爪子[1][3],而之后发现其实只有两个爪子。[25]
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Anomalocaris_ecological.png/209px-Anomalocaris_ecological.png)
生活
对心网虫的生活几乎一无所知,有一些甚至是以对其他寒武纪叶足动物认知而成的。心网虫是底栖型的物种,因为具有用来行走的脚,发现的肠子可能代表心网虫是肉食性或是杂食性,且头上两对的附肢可能与放射齿目一样,用来抓捕猎物。[4]
资料来源
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- ^ 通常发现心网虫化石标本都是发现侧面的,所以骨片看起来类似三角形;如果以背侧骨片看,那看到的是类似六角形。
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