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恐虾纲

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恐虾纲
化石时期：寒武纪至泥盆纪中期
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲： †恐虾纲 Dinocaridida
Collins, 1996[1]
下级分类
异名
  • Dinocarida（非正式拼写）[2]
寒武纪大爆发
化石地点
关键生物
埃迪卡拉生物群（Ediacara biota）
伯吉斯页岩型动物群（英语：Burgess Shale type fauna）（Burgess Shale type fauna）
小壳动物群（英语：Small shelly fauna）（Small shelly fauna）
奥斯坦型化石（英语：Orsten）（Orsten fauna）
进化概念
趋势
议题

恐虾纲（学名：Dinocaridida）是节肢动物门下的一个基干化石类群，旧时也被归为叶足动物门。此类动物均为海生，于寒武纪时最为繁盛，偶有奥陶纪的记录[3]，还有一类名为申德汉斯虾（Schinderhannes）的成员生活在泥盆纪中早期[4]。恐虾纲的学名“Dinocaridida”源自古希腊文“δεινός”（拉丁转写：deinos；恐怖的，可怕的）＋“καρίς”（caris；螃蟹，虾），意指其某些成员为当时最大的捕食者[1]。

一些文献有时会将恐虾类称作“AOPK 群”[5][6][7][8]，因为它包含四个基本支系，即以奇虾（Anomalocaris）为代表的放射齿目，以及欧巴宾海蝎科、厌恶虫属和宣扬爪虫科。它们的共同特征是有一对前附肢，并且身上有许多叶片。然而，它们极有可能是并系的，研究显示放射齿目、欧巴宾海蝎和其他节肢动物在演化树上聚为一支，而厌恶虫和宣扬爪虫则处在更加基底的位置[5][9][10]。

解剖学

放射齿目（左）、宣扬爪虫（中）和欧巴宾海蝎（右）的眼睛（深蓝色和黑色）、大脑（浅蓝色）和消化系统（黄色）

分类

恐虾纲的分类位置尚不明确，可能为节肢动物干群成员，但有时也被归入叶足动物门[11][12]。其下基本可分为两大类群：奇虾类和欧巴宾海蝎类，据推测这些动物是其所属时代的顶级掠食者[13]。

恐虾纲内部的详细分类如下：

分布

该群分布广泛，在加拿大、美国、格陵兰、中国、澳大利亚和俄罗斯的寒武纪地层以及摩洛哥的奥陶纪和德国的泥盆纪均有发现。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Collins, D. The "Evolution" of Anomalocaris and Its Classification in the Arthropod Class Dinocarida (nov.) and Order Radiodonta (nov.). Journal of Paleontology（英语：Journal of Paleontology）. 1996, 70 (2): 280–293. JSTOR 1306391. doi:10.1017/S0022336000023362. 
  2. ^ Hou, Xianguang; Bergström, Jan; Jie, Yang. Distinguishing anomalocaridids from arthropods and priapulids. Geological Journal（英语：Geological Journal）. 2006, 41 (3–4): 259–269. doi:10.1002/gj.1050. 
  3. ^ Van Roy, P.; Briggs, D.E.G. A giant Ordovician anomalocaridid. Nature. 2011, 473 (7348): 510–513. doi:10.1038/nature09920. 
  4. ^ Kühl, G.; Briggs, D.E.G.; Rust, J. A Great-Appendage Arthropod with a Radial Mouth from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany. Science. 2009, 323 (5915): 771–773. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..771K. PMID 19197061. S2CID 47555807. doi:10.1126/science.1166586. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Budd, Graham E. The morphology and phylogenetic significance of Kerygmachela kierkegaardi Budd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1998, 89 (4): 249–290. ISSN 1473-7116. doi:10.1017/S0263593300002418. 
  6. ^ Liu, Jianni; Shu, Degan; Han, Jian & Zhang, Zhifei. A rare lobopod with well-preserved eyes from Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for origin of arthropods. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2004, 49 (10): 1063–1071. Bibcode:2004ChSBu..49.1063L. doi:10.1007/BF03184038. 
  7. ^ Liu, Jianni; Shu, Degan; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Zhang, Xingliang. Morpho-anatomy of the lobopod Magadictyon cf. haikouensis from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China. Acta Zoologica（英语：Acta Zoologica）. 2007, 89 (2): 279–288. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00281.x. 
  8. ^ Liu, Jianni; Dunlop, Jason A.; Steiner, Michael; Shu, Degan. A Cambrian fossil from the Chengjiang fauna sharing characteristics with gilled lobopodians, opabiniids and radiodonts. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2022-07-22, 10. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.861934. 
  9. ^ Ortega‐Hernández, Javier. Making sense of 'lower' and 'upper' stem-group Euarthropoda, with comments on the strict use of the name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848. Biological Reviews. 2016, 91 (1): 255–273. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 25528950. S2CID 7751936. doi:10.1111/brv.12168. 
  10. ^ Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Janssen, Ralf; Budd, Graham E. Origin and evolution of the panarthropod head – A palaeobiological and developmental perspective. Arthropod Structure & Development. Evolution of Segmentation. 2017, 46 (3): 354–379. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27989966. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. 
  11. ^ Budd, G.E. The morphology of Opabinia regalis and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group. Lethaia（英语：Lethaia）. 1996, 29: 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01831.x. 
  12. ^ Snodgrass, R.E. Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections（英语：Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series）. 1938, 97 (6): 1–159. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）. 
  13. ^ Liu, Jianni. Earth' s First Diverse Marine Predators Produced Killer Babies. ScitechDaily. 2018-06-03. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 McCall, Christian R.A. A large pelagic lobopodian from the Cambrian Pioche Shale of Nevada. Journal of Paleontology. 2023-12-13. ISSN 0022-3360. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.63 （英语）. 
  15. ^ Budd, Graham E. The morphology and phylogenetic significance ofKerygmachela kierkegaardiBudd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences. 1998, 89 (4). ISSN 0263-5933. doi:10.1017/s0263593300002418. 
  16. ^ Lerosey‐Aubril, Rudy; Ortega‐Hernández, Javier. A new lobopodian from the middle Cambrian of Utah: did swimming body flaps convergently evolve in stem‐group arthropods?. Papers in Palaeontology. 2022-05, 8 (3). ISSN 2056-2799. doi:10.1002/spp2.1450. 
  17. ^ Budd, G. E. Stem group arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Arthropod Relationships. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 1998: 125–138. ISBN 978-94-010-6057-8. 
  18. ^ II.—Cambrian Geology and Palæontology. No. 6: Middle Cambrian Beanchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata. By C. D. Walcott. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. lvii, No. 6 (publication 2051), 1912.. Geological Magazine. 1912-08, 9 (8). ISSN 0016-7568. doi:10.1017/s0016756800115006. 
  19. ^ Wu, Yu; Pates, Stephen; Liu, Cong; Zhang, Mingjing; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Chai, Shu; Zhang, Xingliang; Fu, Dongjing. A new radiodont from the lower Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China informs the evolution of feeding structures in radiodonts. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1) [2024-07-19]. ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2364887. （原始内容存档于2024-07-17） （英语）. 
  20. ^ Briggs, Derek E. G.; Fortey, Richard A. The Early Cambrian Radiation of Arthropods. Topics in Geobiology. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1992: 335–373. ISBN 978-1-4899-2429-2. 

外部链接

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=恐蝦綱&oldid=83979284”