硝酸鎿(IV)
硝酸鎿(IV) | |
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英文名 | Neptunium tetranitrate |
別名 | 四硝酸鎿 |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 25933-55-5 ![]() 14644-54-3(二水) ![]() |
PubChem | 3015250 |
SMILES |
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EINECS | 247-352-3 |
性質 | |
化學式 | Np(NO3)4 |
摩爾質量 | 485.02 g·mol⁻¹ |
外觀 | 綠色晶體(二水合物)[1] 灰白色(1.2 N2O5合物) 灰綠色(2.5 DMA合物)[2] |
溶解性(水) | 可溶 |
相關物質 | |
其他陽離子 | 硝酸鈈(IV) |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Neptunium%28IV%29_nitrate_solution.png/100px-Neptunium%28IV%29_nitrate_solution.png)
硝酸鎿(IV)是一種無機化合物,化學式為Np(NO3)4。它是易溶於水的晶體,可以形成水合物。[3]
製備
硝酸鎿(IV)可由新制的氫氧化鎿(IV)和稀硝酸反應製得:[4]
性質
硝酸鎿(IV)在溶液中為黃綠色,在酸性環境(1.3 N HNO3)中,它可以被甲醛次硫酸氫鈉或單鹽酸肼還原為Np3+而顯亮黃色。[5]它也可以被Pu(IV)氧化為Np(V)。[6]
它可以在水溶液中被磷酸三丁酯萃取,[7]溶液中存在硝酸時體系無明顯反應,但加熱時經NpO2+氧化至NpO22+。[8]
它可以和二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亞碸等配體形成配合物,也能和硝酸根形成配陰離子[Np(NO3)6]2−。[1]
用途
硝酸鎿(IV)和鈾、鈈的硝酸鹽混合溶液與水合肼反應,可以製備混合二氧化物(U, Np, Pu)O2,以用於快中子反應堆。[6]
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-18) (英語).
- ^ Laidler, J. B. Neptunium nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1966: 780. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/j19660000780 (英語).
- ^ Alian, A.; Haggag, A. Amine extraction and determination of activity coefficients of neptunium and plutonium nitrates. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1 May 1967, 29 (5): 1355–1363 [17 August 2021]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80378-6. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-17) (英語).
- ^ Seaborg, Glenn Theodore. The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers. McGraw-Hill. 1949: 1102 [17 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2022-02-19) (英語).
- ^ Gel'man, A. D.; Mefod'eva, M. P. The preparation of trivalent neptunium. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1957, 117: 225–226. ISSN 0002-3264 (俄語).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Kulyako, Y. M.; Perevalov, S. A.; Trofimov, T. I.; Malikov, D. A.; Vinokurov, S. E.; Samsonov, M. D.; Myasoedov, B. F.; Fedoseev, A. M.; Bessonov, A. A.; Shadrin, A. Y. UO2, NpO2 and PuO2 preparation in aqueous nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2013-12-05, 299 (3): 1293–1298. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-013-2756-8 (英語).
- ^ Hesford, E.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 3.—Extraction at trace concentrations. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1958, 54 (0): 573–586. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9585400573 (英語).
- ^ Koltunov, V. S; Taylor, R. J.; Savilova, O. A.; Zhuravleva, G. I.; Denniss, I. S.; Wallwork, A. L. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Neptunium(IV) by Nitric Acid in Tributyl Phosphate Solution. ract (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 1997-01-01, 76 (1-2): 45–54. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.1997.76.12.45 (英語).
拓展閱讀
- Horner, D. E. Plutonium Extraction from Nitrate and Sulfate Solutions by Amines and Organophosphorus Compounds. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 1961: 17 [2021-08-17]. (原始內容存檔於2022-02-19) (英語).
- Ikeda-Ohno, Atsushi; Hennig, Christoph; Rossberg, André; Funke, Harald; Scheinost, Andreas C.; Bernhard, Gert; Yaita, Tsuyoshi. Electrochemical and Complexation Behavior of Neptunium in Aqueous Perchlorate and Nitrate Solutions. Inorganic Chemistry. 15 September 2008, 47 (18): 8294–8305 [2021-08-17]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic8009095. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-17) (英語).
- Guillaume, B.; Moulin, J.P.; Maurice, Ch. Chemical Properties Of Neptunium Applied To Neptunium Management In Extraction Cycles Of Purex Process (PDF). 1984-11-27~29 [2021-08-17]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-08-17) (英語).
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