諾娜·加普林達什維利

諾娜·加普林達什維利
ნონა გაფრინდაშვილი
諾娜·加普林達什維利; ნონა გაფრინდაშვილი
	攝於1982年
國籍	蘇聯; 格魯吉亞
出生	1941年5月3日（83歲）; 蘇聯祖格迪迪
頭銜	特級大師
女子世界冠軍	1962年－1978年
最高等級分	2495（1987年7月）

諾娜·加普林達什維利（喬治亞語：ნონა გაფრინდაშვილი，1941年5月3日—），格魯吉亞女子國際象棋棋手、前國際象棋女子世界冠軍，是第一位獲得特級大師稱號的女棋手。

1962年，加普林達什維利以7勝4平的優異表現戰勝衛冕冠軍葉麗薩維塔·貝科娃，成為了第五位女子世界冠軍。此後，她於1965年、1969年、1972年三度戰勝阿拉·庫什尼爾，又於1975年戰勝同樣來自格魯吉亞的娜娜·亞歷山德里婭，先後四次衛冕世界冠軍。最終，她於1978年輸給格魯吉亞棋手瑪雅·齊布爾達尼澤而讓出世界冠軍頭銜。

在蘇聯國內賽場上，她則是獲得過1964年、1973年、1981年、1983年、1985年五度蘇聯國際象棋全國女子冠軍。1963年至1992年間，她十二次代表蘇聯與格魯吉亞出征國際象棋奧林匹克^[1] ，共獲得了25枚獎牌，包括11枚團體金牌與9枚個人金牌。

1978年，加普林達什維利成為了首位獲國際象棋特級大師稱號的女棋手。^[2]

後來，她還於1995年、2009年、2014年、2015年先後四次成為了國際象棋老年女子世界冠軍。

參見

加普林達什維利杯

參考文獻

^ OlimpBase: Women's Chess Olympiads, Nona Gaprindashvili. [2016-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-03）.
^ Pal Benko wrote in Chess Life & Review (January 1979):
...Of course (Nona) had earned the "woman grandmaster" title awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE), as have some two dozen other women. But she also earned the (men's) international master title, becoming the first woman ever to have done so (Vera Menchik was probably strong enough to have earned this title, but she died in 1943 (sic), long before the modern title system was adopted), and in Buenos Aires in November 1978 FIDE bestowed upon Nona Gaprindashvili the (men's) international grandmaster title. Not only is she the only woman ever to have received this title, she is the only woman ever to have deserved it.

It is regrettable, therefore, that she did not actually earn the title in the regular way: FIDE requires that to earn the grandmaster title a player must achieve certain minimum scores in tournaments consisting of at least twenty-four games in aggregate (the description is highly oversimplified, but you get the idea), and Nona was two or three games short. Yet the FIDE Qualifications Commission voted to give her the title. In my opinion, this historic occasion should not have been allowed to carry even this slight tarnish.

外部連結

諾娜·加普林達什維利的國際棋聯等級分卡

Nona Gaprindashvili （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） chess games at 365Chess.com
諾娜·加普林達什維利－在ChessGames.com的棋手檔案

[1] OlimpBase: Women's Chess Olympiads, Nona Gaprindashvili. [2016-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-03）.

[2] Pal Benko wrote in Chess Life & Review (January 1979):
...Of course (Nona) had earned the "woman grandmaster" title awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE), as have some two dozen other women. But she also earned the (men's) international master title, becoming the first woman ever to have done so (Vera Menchik was probably strong enough to have earned this title, but she died in 1943 (sic), long before the modern title system was adopted), and in Buenos Aires in November 1978 FIDE bestowed upon Nona Gaprindashvili the (men's) international grandmaster title. Not only is she the only woman ever to have received this title, she is the only woman ever to have deserved it.

It is regrettable, therefore, that she did not actually earn the title in the regular way: FIDE requires that to earn the grandmaster title a player must achieve certain minimum scores in tournaments consisting of at least twenty-four games in aggregate (the description is highly oversimplified, but you get the idea), and Nona was two or three games short. Yet the FIDE Qualifications Commission voted to give her the title. In my opinion, this historic occasion should not have been allowed to carry even this slight tarnish.

[1]

[2]