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捕鳥蛛科

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捕鳥蛛科
化石時期:16–0 Ma
短尾蛛屬Brachypelma sp.
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱: 蛛形綱 Arachnida
目: 蜘蛛目 Araneae
亞目: 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae
下目: 猛蛛亞目 Mygalomorphae
科: 捕鳥蛛科 Theraphosidae
Thorell, 1870

約113屬

捕鳥蛛(學名:Tarantula)屬於較原始的蜘蛛,其全身密生細毛。亦稱為大蘭多毒蛛塔蘭托毒蛛塔蘭圖拉毒蛛。美洲的捕鳥蛛身上某些地方可能長有一種刺激性的螫毛,可在面臨危險時使用後腿向老鼠等天敵拋灑這種天然的致癢粉,而天敵遇到這種螫毛會產生類似於工人鋪設纖維玻璃毛氈後產生的刺癢感。這種方式可以幫助叮咬能力較弱的美洲捕鳥蛛保護自己不受傷害,而美洲捕鳥蛛也因此擁有相對於亞洲捕鳥蛛較低的毒性。

亞科

(中美洲 Acanthopelminae)

(南美洲 Aviculariinae)

油彩粉紅趾蜘蛛
  • Avicularia Lamarck, 1818
    • Avicularia avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
    • Avicularia caei Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
    • Avicularia gamba[1]
    • Avicularia glauca Simon, 1891
    • Avicularia hirschii Bullmer, Thierer-Lutz & Schmidt, 2006
    • Avicularia hirsutissima (C.L.Koch, 1842)
    • Avicularia juruensis Mello-Leitão, 1923
    • Avicularia lynnae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
    • Avicularia merianae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
    • Avicularia minatrix Pocock, 1903
    • Avicularia purpurea Kirk, 1990
    • Avicularia rufa Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945
    • Avicularia sooretama[1]
    • Avicularia taunayi (Mello-Leitão, 1920)
    • Avicularia testacea (C.L.Koch, 1841)
    • Avicularia variegata F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
    • Avicularia vestiaria (De Geer, 1778)
  • Ephebopus Simon, 1892
  • Iridopelma Pocock, 1901
  • Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901

(非洲 Eumenophorinae)

(非洲 Harpactirinae)

非洲橙巴布蜘蛛

(世界 Ischnocolinae)

智利紅玫瑰蜘蛛

(東南亞、華南等地 Ornithoctoninae)

(印度 Poecilotheriinae)

(遠東、澳洲、等地 棒刺蛛亞科 Selenocosmiinae)

兩個月大的委內瑞拉太陽虎蜘蛛
  • 纓毛蛛屬 Chilobrachys Karsch, 1891
  • Coremiocnemis Simon, 1892
  • 單壁蛛屬 Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996
  • Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895
  • Orphnaecus Simon, 1892
  • 美焰蛛屬 Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897
  • Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895
    • Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895
    • Psalmopoeus chronoarachne Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023[2]
    • Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903
    • Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903
    • Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994
    • Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006
    • Psalmopoeus maya Witt, 1996
    • Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903
    • Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925
    • Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880)
    • Psalmopoeus satanas Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023[2]
    • Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014
  • Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999
  • 棒刺蛛屬 Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871
  • Selenotholus Hogg, 1902
  • Selenotypus Pocock, 1895
  • Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871
    • Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995
    • Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidt & Bauer, 1996
    • Tapinauchenius gretae Cifuentes & Bertani, 2022
    • Tapinauchenius herrerai Gabriel & Sherwood, 2022
    • Tapinauchenius latipes L.Koch, 1875
    • Tapinauchenius plumipes (C.L.Koch, 1842)
    • Tapinauchenius polybotes Hüsser, 2018
    • Tapinauchenius rasti Hüsser, 2018
    • Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837)
  • 雅美蛛屬 Yamia Kishida, 1920,為Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897的異名

(印度,非洲 Selengyrinae)

Annandaliella travancorica

(非洲西部 Stromatopelmina)

(南、北美洲 狒蛛亞科 Theraphosinae)

Megaphobema robusta
Pamphobeteus wallacei
Lasiodora parahybana

(印度 Selenogyrinae)

其他

  • Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925
    • Neischnocolus amazonica (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus armihuariensis (Kaderka, 2014)
    • Neischnocolus caxiuana (Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus cisnerosi [4]
    • Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020
    • Neischnocolus mecana Echeverri, Gómez Torres, Pinel & Perafán, 2023
    • Neischnocolus obscurus (Ausserer, 1875)
    • Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925
    • Neischnocolus pijaos (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus tsere [4]
    • Neischnocolus valentinae (Almeida, Salvatierra & de Morais, 2019)
    • Neischnocolus weinmanni (Pérez-Miles, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus yupanquii (Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008)
  • Neoheterophrictus Siliwal & Raven, 2012
    • Neoheterophrictus amboli Mirza & Sanap, 2014
    • Neoheterophrictus bhori (Gravely, 1915)
    • Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis Sunil Jose, 2020
    • Neoheterophrictus crurofulvus Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
    • Neoheterophrictus madraspatanus (Gravely, 1935)
    • Neoheterophrictus sahyadri Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
    • Neoheterophrictus smithi Mirza, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014
    • Neoheterophrictus uttarakannada Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
  • Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901
    • Pterinopelma felipeleitei Bertani & Leal, 2016
    • Pterinopelma longisternale (Bertani, 2001)
    • Pterinopelma sazimai Bertani, Nagahama & Fukushima, 2011[6]
    • Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling, 1891)[6]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Bertani R, Fukushima CS. 2009. Description of two new species of Avicularia Lamarck 1818 and redescription of Avicularia diversipes (C.L. Koch 1842) (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) – three possibly threatened Brazilian species. Zootaxa. 2223: 25–47.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Pedro Peñaherrera-R. and Roberto J. León-E. 2023. On Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) Species and Tarantula Conservation in Ecuador. ZooKeys. 1186: 185-205. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.108991
  3. ^ Ferretti Nelson, Nicoletta Micaela, Soresi Daniela, An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Volume 308, 2024, Pages 131-143, ISSN 0044-5231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Pedro Peñaherrera-R., Ariel Guerrero-Campoverde, Roberto J. León-E., Andrés Pinos-Sánchez, José M. Falcón-Reibán. 2023. Two New Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador. Zootaxa. 5351(4); 483-493. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.6
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Siliwal, M., N. Gupta and R. Raven. 2012. A New Genus of the Family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 4(14): 3233–3254
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Bertani, R., Nagahama, R.H. and Fukushima, C.S. 2011. Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa. 2814: 1–18.