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癌症標誌物

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癌症標誌物又稱腫瘤標誌物，是由癌細胞直接產生或由非癌細胞經癌細胞誘導產生（人體對癌細胞的反應）的物質（生物標記）[1]。癌症標誌物存在於人們的血液、尿液或組織中。對於腫瘤標誌物的檢測可對腫瘤存在、發病過程及預後作出判斷。每個腫瘤標誌物對應的癌症有所不同。腫瘤標誌物水平升高可能表明患有癌症，然而也可能有其他原因導致升高。

癌症標誌物可回答的問題：

  • 預後：這種癌症可能繼續生長？
  • 診斷：我患了何種癌症？
  • 預測：這種藥是針對我患癌症的最佳用藥嗎？
  • 藥效學：對我來說此藥的最佳用量是多少？
  • 復發：癌症會再次發作嗎？

常見的腫瘤標誌物

腫瘤標誌物 有關的癌症
Α-胎兒蛋白 (AFP) 生殖細胞瘤, 肝細胞癌[2]
CA 15-3 乳癌[3]
CA27.29 乳癌[4]
CA19-9 胰臟癌、大腸癌、胃腸道癌.[5]
CA-125 卵巢癌,[6]、子宮內膜癌, 輸卵管瘤, 肺癌, 乳癌和胃腸道癌.[7]、子宮內膜異位症.[8]
降鈣素 甲狀腺髓質癌
Calretinin（英語：Calretinin） 間皮瘤, 性腺間質腫瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma（英語：adrenocortical carcinoma）, 滑膜肉瘤[2]
癌胚抗原 胃腸道癌, 子宮頸癌, 肺癌, 卵巢癌, 乳癌, urinary tract cancer[2]
CD34 hemangiopericytoma（英語：hemangiopericytoma）/solitary fibrous tumor（英語：solitary fibrous tumor）, 多形性脂肪瘤, 胃腸道基質腫瘤, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans（英語：dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans）[2]
CD99（英語：CD99）MIC 2 尤文氏肉瘤, primitive neuroectodermal tumor（英語：primitive neuroectodermal tumor）, hemangiopericytoma（英語：hemangiopericytoma）/solitary fibrous tumor（英語：solitary fibrous tumor）, 滑膜肉瘤, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 性腺間質腫瘤[2]
CD117（英語：CD117） 胃腸道基質腫瘤, mastocytosis（英語：mastocytosis）, seminoma（英語：seminoma）[2]
Chromogranin（英語：Chromogranin） 神經內分泌腫瘤[2]
Chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21 膀胱癌[9]
Cytokeratin（英語：Cytokeratin） (TPA, TPS, Cyfra21-1) 癌、肉瘤[2]
Desmin（英語：Desmin） smooth muscle sarcoma, 橫紋肌肉瘤, endometrial stromal sarcoma（英語：endometrial stromal sarcoma）[2]
Epithelial membrane antigen（英語：Epithelial membrane antigen） (EMA) 癌、meningioma（英語：meningioma）、肉瘤[2]
Factor VIII（英語：Factor VIII）, CD31 FL1 vascular sarcoma[2]
Glial fibrillary acidic protein（英語：Glial fibrillary acidic protein） (GFAP) 神經膠質瘤 (astrocytoma（英語：astrocytoma）, ependymoma（英語：ependymoma）)[2]
Gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) 乳癌, 卵巢癌, salivary gland cancer（英語：salivary gland cancer）[2]
hPG80（英語：hPG80） 乳癌, 卵巢癌, 前列腺癌, 腎癌, 大腸癌, 肝癌
HMB-45（英語：HMB-45） 黑色素瘤, PEComa（英語：PEComa） (例如 angiomyolipoma（英語：angiomyolipoma）), clear cell adenocarcinoma（英語：clear cell adenocarcinoma）, adrenocortical carcinoma（英語：adrenocortical carcinoma）[2]
人絨毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 妊娠滋養細胞疾病, 生殖細胞瘤, 絨毛膜癌[2]
抗體 淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
激活素與抑制素 性腺間質腫瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma（英語：adrenocortical carcinoma）, hemangioblastoma（英語：hemangioblastoma）[2]
角蛋白 癌, 肉瘤[2]
淋巴細胞 淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
MART-1（英語：MART-1） (Melan-A) 黑色素瘤,adrenocortical carcinoma（英語：adrenocortical carcinoma）、gonadal tumor[2]
Myo D1（英語：Myo D1） 橫紋肌肉瘤, small, round, blue cell tumour（英語：small, round, blue cell tumour）[2]
muscle-specific actin (MSA) myosarcoma（英語：myosarcoma） (平滑肌肉瘤, 橫紋肌肉瘤)[2]
neurofilament（英語：neurofilament） 神經內分泌腫瘤, 小細胞癌[2]
neuron-specific enolase（英語：neuron-specific enolase） (NSE) 神經內分泌腫瘤, 小細胞癌, 乳癌[2]
placental alkaline phosphatase（英語：placental alkaline phosphatase） (PLAP) seminoma（英語：seminoma）, 無性細胞瘤, 胚胎性癌[2]
前列腺特異抗原 (PSA) 前列腺[2]
蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶C型受體 (CD45) 淋巴瘤, 白血病, histiocytic sarcoma（英語：histiocytic sarcoma）[2]
S100蛋白 黑色素瘤, 肉瘤 (neurosarcoma（英語：neurosarcoma）, 脂肪瘤, chondrosarcoma（英語：chondrosarcoma）), astrocytoma（英語：astrocytoma）, 胃腸道基質腫瘤, salivary gland cancer（英語：salivary gland cancer）, adenocarcinoma（英語：adenocarcinoma）, histiocytic tumor (樹突狀細胞, 巨噬細胞)[2]
smooth muscle actin (SMA) 胃腸道基質腫瘤, 平滑肌肉瘤, PEComa（英語：PEComa）[2]
突觸素 神經內分泌腫瘤[2]
胸苷激酶 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 肺癌, 前列腺癌
thyroglobulin（英語：thyroglobulin） (Tg) 甲狀腺癌[2]
thyroid transcription factor-1（英語：thyroid transcription factor-1） (TTF-1) 甲狀腺癌, 肺癌[2]
Tumor M2-PK（英語：Tumor M2-PK） 大腸癌,[10] 乳癌,[11][12] renal cell carcinoma（英語：renal cell carcinoma）[13][14] 肺癌,[15][16] 胰臟癌,[17] 食道癌,[18] 胃癌,[18]子宮頸癌,[19] 卵巢癌,[20]
波形蛋白 肉瘤, renal cell carcinoma（英語：renal cell carcinoma）, 子宮內膜癌, 肺癌, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 黑色素瘤[2]

分子癌症標誌物

腫瘤類型 生物標誌物
乳腺 ER（雌激素受體）[21][22]
HER-2/neu[21][22]
結直腸 EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][23]
UGT1A1[21][23]
胃 HER-2/neu[21]
胃腸道基質腫瘤 c-KIT[21][24]
白血病/淋巴瘤 CD20抗原[21][25]
CD30[21][26]
FIP1L1-PDGRFα[21][27]
PDGFR[21][28]
費城染色體（BCR/ABL）[21][29][30]
PML/RARα[21][31]
TPMT[21][32]
UGT1A1[21][33]
肺 ALK[21][34][35]
EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][22]
黑色素瘤 BRAF[21][35]

生物標誌物的其它例子：

參考文獻

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