癌症標誌物
癌症標誌物又稱腫瘤標誌物,是由癌細胞直接產生或由非癌細胞經癌細胞誘導產生(人體對癌細胞的反應)的物質(生物標記)[1]。癌症標誌物存在於人們的血液、尿液或組織中。對於腫瘤標誌物的檢測可對腫瘤存在、發病過程及預後作出判斷。每個腫瘤標誌物對應的癌症有所不同。腫瘤標誌物水平升高可能表明患有癌症,然而也可能有其他原因導致升高。
癌症標誌物可回答的問題:
- 預後:這種癌症可能繼續生長?
- 診斷:我患了何種癌症?
- 預測:這種藥是針對我患癌症的最佳用藥嗎?
- 藥效學:對我來說此藥的最佳用量是多少?
- 復發:癌症會再次發作嗎?
常見的腫瘤標誌物
分子癌症標誌物
腫瘤類型 | 生物標誌物 |
---|---|
乳腺 | ER(雌激素受體)[21][22] |
HER-2/neu[21][22] | |
結直腸 | EGFR[21][22] |
KRAS[21][23] | |
UGT1A1[21][23] | |
胃 | HER-2/neu[21] |
胃腸道基質腫瘤 | c-KIT[21][24] |
白血病/淋巴瘤 | CD20抗原[21][25] |
CD30[21][26] | |
FIP1L1-PDGRFα[21][27] | |
PDGFR[21][28] | |
費城染色體(BCR/ABL)[21][29][30] | |
PML/RARα[21][31] | |
TPMT[21][32] | |
UGT1A1[21][33] | |
肺 | ALK[21][34][35] |
EGFR[21][22] | |
KRAS[21][22] | |
黑色素瘤 | BRAF[21][35] |
生物標誌物的其它例子:
參考文獻
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