巴勒斯坦對以色列的火箭彈襲擊
巴勒斯坦對以色列的火箭彈襲擊是自2001年以來巴勒斯坦武裝分子從加沙地帶向以色列發動的[1][2][3][4]火箭和迫擊炮襲擊。
哈馬斯發射的火箭彈通常被統稱為卡桑火箭,而且主要影響斯代羅特和靠近加沙地帶邊境的其他以色列社區。2006年,哈馬斯開始部署更先進的火箭,新的火箭彈可以發射到亞實基倫,2009年初,以色列的阿什杜德和貝爾謝巴遭到喀秋莎、衛士型火箭炮 [5]和BM-21火箭炮襲擊。[6] 2012年,耶路撒冷和特拉維夫分別遭到「M-75」和Fajr-5火箭襲擊[7] ,2014年7月,海法首次被火箭彈襲擊。 [8]一些火箭含有白磷彈,據說是從以色列轟炸加沙時遺留下的未爆炸彈藥中回收的。[9][10]
以色列專門為應對這些火箭彈襲擊而建造了防禦工事以及名為「紅色」的警報系統。以色列還開發了可以攔截短程火箭的鐵穹防禦系統,並於2011年春季首次部署,該系統可以保護貝爾謝巴和阿什凱隆。[11]
火箭彈襲擊給以色列民眾造成了心理創傷而且打擾了他們的日常生活的破壞。[12]距離加沙地帶最近的以色列城市斯代羅特的醫學研究表明,幼兒中創傷後壓力症的發病率接近50%,重性抑鬱疾患和流產的概率也很高。[13][14][15]這些火箭彈襲擊還會導致本-古里安國際機場航班取消。[16]
根據2013年3月進行的一項民意調查發現,大多數巴勒斯坦人不支持從加沙地帶向以色列發射火箭彈,只有38%的人贊成發射火箭彈。[17]2014年9月進行的另一項民意調查顯示,如果以色列繼續封鎖加沙,80%的巴勒斯坦人支持向以色列發射火箭彈。[18]聯合國、歐盟和以色列官員認為這些針對平民的攻擊是恐怖主義行為,人權組織國際特赦組織和人權觀察認為朝以色列平民發射火箭彈是一種戰爭罪。[19][20]巴勒斯坦武裝分子稱火箭彈襲擊是對以色列封鎖加沙的回應,[21][22][23]但巴勒斯坦權力機構卻譴責火箭彈襲擊,並表示火箭彈襲擊破壞了和平。[24]
參考文獻
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