伊拉克利·策烈鐵里

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伊拉克利·策烈鐵里（喬治亞語：ირაკლი წერეთელი，1881年11月20日—1959年5月20日）喬治亞政治家，喬治亞社會民主黨領導人，俄國革命期間俄國社會民主工黨領導人。

生平

作為孟什維克成員，1907年選入俄羅斯帝國杜馬。此後不久被指控顛覆沙皇專制政權被流放西伯利亞。1917年返回彼得格勒領導彼得格勒蘇維埃，後擔任俄國臨時政府郵電部長，試圖調解左派間的矛盾。布爾什維克上台後，策烈鐵里回到喬治亞，以外交官的身份在巴黎和會尋求各國承認並援助新近獨立的喬治亞民主共和國，直到1921年布爾什維克領導的紅軍入侵喬治亞。後流亡法國。

1959年死於美國紐約。

參考書目

  • Ascher, Abraham, P. A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-80-474547-5 
  • Basil, John D., The Mensheviks In The Revolution of 1917, Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, 1983, ISBN 978-0-89-357109-2 
  • Ferro, Marc, The Russian Revolution of February 1917, 由Richards, J.L.翻譯, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972, ISBN 978-0-13-784579-8 
  • Figes, Orlando, A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution, New York City: Viking, 1996, ISBN 978-0-14-024364-2 
  • Galil y Garcia, Ziva, The Origins of Revolutionary Defensism: I. G. Tsereteli and the "Siberian Zimmerwaldists.", Slavic Review, Autumn 1982, 41 (3): 454–476, JSTOR 2497019, doi:10.2307/2497019 
  • González, John A., An Intellectual Biography of N.A. Rozhkov: Life in a Bell Jar, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2017, ISBN 978-9-00-432850-1 
  • Jones, Stephen F., Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy 1883–1917, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-67-401902-7 
  • Kazemzadeh, Firuz, The Struggle for Transcaucasia (1917–1921), New York City: Philosophical Library, 1951, ISBN 978-0-95-600040-8 
  • Kindersley, R.K., Some Russian Losers, Soviet Studies, January 1979, 31 (1): 132–140, doi:10.1080/09668137908411230 
  • McCauley, Martin, Who's Who in Russia since 1900, London: Routledge, 1997, ISBN 978-0-415-13898-7 
  • Merridale, Catherine, Lenin on the Train, New York City: Metropolitan Books, 2017, ISBN 978-1-62-779301-8 
  • Rabinowitch, Alexander, Prelude to Revolution: The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1968, ISBN 978-0-25-320661-9 
  • Rabinowitch, Alexander, The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd, New York City: W.W. Norton & Company, 1976, ISBN 978-0-7453-2269-8 
  • Rabinowitch, Alexander, The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-25-334943-9 
  • Rayfield, Donald, Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-78-023030-6 
  • Roobol, W.H., Tsereteli – A Democrat in the Russian Revolution: A Political Biography, 由Hyams, Philip; Richards, Lynne翻譯, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976, ISBN 978-9-40-101044-3 
  • Suny, Ronald Grigor, The Making of the Georgian Nation Second, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-25-320915-3 
  • Trotsky, Leon, The History of the Russian Revolution, 由Eastman, Max翻譯, London: Victor Gollancz, 1965, ISBN 978-1-93-185945-5 
  • Tsereteli, I.G., Воспоминания о Февральской революции, 2 книги (Memories of the February Revolution, 2 Volumes), Paris: La Haye, 1963 （俄語） 
  • Wade, Rex A., Irakli Tsereteli and Siberian Zimmerwaldism, The Journal of Modern History, December 1967, 39 (4): 425–431, doi:10.1086/240123 
  • Wade, Rex A., The Russian Revolution, 1917 Third, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-10-757125-9 
  • Wade, Rex A., The Russian Search for Peace, February – October 1917, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1969, ISBN 978-0-80-470707-7 
  • Zhordaniya, Noy, Моя Жизнь (My Life), 由Zhordaniya, Inny翻譯, Stanford, California: The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University, 1968, ISBN 978-0-81-794031-7 （俄語） 
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