跳转到内容

笑死

维基百科,自由的百科全书
公元前3世紀的古希臘斯多葛派哲學家克律西波斯,有說法指出他是笑死的。
由安瑟倫·費爾巴哈繪畫因笑而死的意大利作家彼得罗·阿雷蒂诺

笑死是一種罕見的死因,通常是由人類一陣大笑而引起的心臟驟停或者窒息導致的死亡,因此非常危險。自古希臘時代至現代均有笑死的案例紀錄。笑死的別稱「致命的歡鬧」(英語:fatal hilarity)則是於1956年首次被使用[1]

病理生理

大笑不只可以引致心臟驟停窒息[2]笑亦可以引致收縮乏力虛脫昏厥[3][4],並會導致創傷[5]因笑昏厥可能因下丘腦局灶性病變所致。[6]因笑昏厥亦會影響小腦[7]

笑可以是一種病症。橋腦延髓的梗塞均可以引致病者大笑,繼而死去。以這種方式死亡的病者可能被誤以為是因大笑而死。[8]

歷史上笑死的案例

歷史上曾經有少量笑死案例,可追溯至公元前5世紀的古希臘。於近代,笑死的人主要都是因笑引致的心臟衰竭或窒息而死。[9]

文艺作品情節

在《三国演义》故事中,司马昭在酒宴席间因为刘禅“乐不思蜀”言词反覆的对话哈哈大笑,而在1994年播映的电视剧《三国演义》,劇情被改编为司马昭在現場笑死了自己。

在小说《薛刚反唐》第九十六回“双孝王大开铁坟 樊梨花回山修道”中,128岁高龄的程咬金在祭奠被害的薛家家眷时,回顾自己一生的经历,感叹“真如做了一百二十八岁的春梦”,最后大笑而逝。

小说《说岳全传》第七十九回“施岑收服乌灵圣母 牛皋气死完颜兀术”中,牛皋生擒了金国统帅完颜兀术,并骑在兀术背上对其羞辱,兀术当场被气得吐血而死。牛皋哈哈大笑,最后“一口气不接,竟笑死于兀术身上”。

中醫

根據中醫,主「喜」,故喜傷心。

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ Oxford: Clarendon Press (1993). The Compact Oxford English Dictionary.
  2. ^ Reiss AL, Hoeft F, Tenforde AS, Chen W, Mobbs D, Mignot EJ. Greene, Ernest , 编. Anomalous hypothalamic responses to humor in cataplexy. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3 (5): e2225 [2013-05-11]. PMC 2377337可免费查阅. PMID 18493621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002225. (原始内容存档于2014-12-27). 
  3. ^ Nishida K, Hirota SK, Tokeshi J. Laugh syncope as a rare sub-type of the situational syncopes: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2008, 2 (1): 197 [2013-05-11]. PMC 2440757可免费查阅. PMID 18538031. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-197. (原始内容存档于2016-03-16). 
  4. ^ Totah AR, Benbadis SR. Gelastic syncope mistaken for cataplexy. Sleep Med. January 2002, 3 (1): 77–8 [2013-05-11]. PMID 14592259. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(01)00113-7. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
  5. ^ Lo R, Cohen TJ. Laughter-induced syncope: no laughing matter. Am. J. Med. November 2007, 120 (11): e5 [2013-05-11]. PMID 17976409. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.019. (原始内容存档于2018-10-04). 
  6. ^ Cheung CS, Parrent AG, Burneo JG. Gelastic seizures: not always hypothalamic hamartoma. Epileptic Disord. December 2007, 9 (4): 453–8 [2013-05-11]. PMID 18077234. doi:10.1684/epd.2007.0139. (原始内容存档于2020-03-28). 
  7. ^ Famularo G, Corsi FM, Minisola G, De Simone C, Nicotra GC. Cerebellar tumour presenting with pathological laughter and gelastic syncope. Eur. J. Neurol. August 2007, 14 (8): 940–3. PMID 17662020. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01784.x. [永久失效連結]
  8. ^ Gondim, FA; Parks BJ, Cruz-Flores S et al. "Fou rire prodromique" as the presentation of pontine ischaemia secondary to vertebrobasilar stenosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. December 2001, 71 (6): 802–804. PMC 1737630可免费查阅. PMID 11723208. doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.6.802. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 The Last Laugh's on Him. Urban Legends Reference Pages. 2007-01-19 [2007-06-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-03-27). 
  10. ^ OVERVIEW Zeuxis. Oxford Index. [2013-05-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-03). 
  11. ^ Laertius, Diogenes. Lives, Teachings and Sayings of the Eminent Philosophers, with an English translation by R.D. Hicks. Cambridge, Mass/London: Harvard UP/W. Heinemann Ltd. 1964-5. 
  12. ^ Paul N. Morris, Patronage and Piety Montserrat and the Royal House of Medieval Catalonia-Aragon, October 2000
  13. ^ Waterfield, Gordon, ed. First Footsteps in East Africa, (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1966) pg. 59 footnote.
  14. ^ Brown, Huntington. Rabelais in English Literature. Routledge. 1968: 126. ISBN 0-7146-2051-3. 
  15. ^ The History of Scottish Poetry. Edmonston & Douglas. 1861: 539. 
  16. ^ Laughter causes death页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Argus (October 18, 1920)
  17. ^ Died of Laughter页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Register (October 18, 1920)
  18. ^ Death Follows Laughter.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Mudgee Guardian and North-Western Representative (October 21, 1920)
  19. ^ Died Laughing.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Sydney Stock and Station Journal (October 22, 1920)
  20. ^ The Complete Goodies — Robert Ross, B T Batsford, London, 2000.
  21. ^ Man Dies Laughing at The Goodies, "Daily Mail", London (29 March 1975)
  22. ^ A Goodies Way to Go — Laughing, "Eastern Daily Press", Norwich (29 March 1975)
  23. ^ Slapstick! The Illustrated Story of Knockabout Comedy — Tony Staveacre, Angus & Robinson 1987
  24. ^ 9 People Who Died Laughing - Death - Book of Lists - Canongate Home

外部連結