安德鲁·福赛斯

安德鲁·福赛斯
安德鲁·福赛斯
出生	1858年6月18日 ; 格拉斯哥
逝世	1942年6月2日（83歲）
安葬于	戈爾德斯格林火葬場
就讀學校	剑桥大学三一学院; 利物浦學院; 剑桥大学 ;
職業	数学家
僱主	伦敦帝国学院; 利物浦大学; 剑桥大学 ;
配偶	Marion Amelia Pollock
獎項	honorary doctor of the University of Calcutta

安德鲁·罗素·福赛斯（Andrew Russell Forsyth），爱丁堡皇家学会会员（1858年6月18日—1942年6月2日），福赛斯攥写了关于数学分析的重要著作，为将欧洲大陆的数学方法引入英国数学界做出贡献。

生平

安德鲁·福赛斯于1858年6月18日出生于苏格兰格拉斯哥，父亲约翰·福赛斯是一名在格拉斯哥造船厂工作的工程师，母亲是克里斯蒂娜·格伦。而后，约翰·福赛斯与家人一起搬到了利物浦。安德鲁在利物浦学院学习，由理查德·彭德尔伯里进行短暂地辅导。

福赛斯于1877年进入剑桥大学三一学院就读。他师从凯莱并取得了优异的成绩。在1881年毕业时，他得到了数学荣誉学位考试（Mathematical Tripos）的高级牧马人，并被选为圣三一学院院士。^[1]当他第二年离开剑桥前往利物浦大学任数学系主任时，福赛斯年仅24岁。他于1884年回到剑桥担任讲师。两年后，28岁的福赛斯当选为伦敦皇家学会成员并于1897年被授予了皇家勋章。

1893年，他出版了《复变量函数理论》（Theory of functions of a complex variable）。该书旨在将欧洲大陆数学的伟大进步带到观念陈旧的剑桥。此书一经问世就在剑桥产生巨大的影响，以至于函数理论成为了持续多年的热门话题。惠特克评价说，“…对英国数学的影响比牛顿所著的《自然科学的数学原理》依赖的任何著作都要大。”^[2]

凯莱去世后，福赛斯于1895年接替了他的职位，被任命为萨德莱里安纯粹数学教授（ Sadleirian professor of Pure Mathematics）。^[3]相比起严格的数学分析，他更倾向于对技术的掌握和对复杂公式的处理。他引领了剑桥的数学研究风格——这在同时使他受到诟病。数学家伦纳德·罗斯对福赛斯和他的著作采取了负面看法：“…这项工作比其他任何事情都更能阻碍该主题的真正发展;两代多来，它继续在人们的头脑中提出关于该理论的性质和范围的错误想法，并且由于作者有力和权威的风格，它在这方面取得了压倒性的成功。”^[4]

1902年数学家尼尔斯·亨利克·亚伯诞辰一百周年，福赛斯被奥斯陆大学授予数学博士的荣誉学位。

福赛斯于1910年被迫辞去主席职务，原因是他与物理学家查尔斯·博伊的妻子玛丽昂有一段恋情。^[5]与玛丽昂结婚后，他离开了英国，在加尔各答呆了一段时间，最终于1913年被任命为伦敦帝国理工学院的数学系主席。^[6]

1923年，他六十五岁时退休，但继续出版数学论文，直到他接近八十岁。

福赛斯于1942年6月2日在伦敦去世。

作品

微分方程论 A Treatise on Differential Equations（1885）^[7]

复变量函数理论 Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable（1893）^[8]

扁椭球体上的测地线 Geodesics on an oblate spheroid（1895—96）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）^[9]

微分方程理论六卷 Theory of Differential Equations（1890—1906）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）^[10]

关于曲线曲面的微分几何讲座 Lectures on the Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces（1912）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）^[11]

两复变函数理论导论讲座 Lectures Introductory to the Theory of Functions of Two Complex Variables（1914）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）^[12]

《微分方程论》中实例的解法 Solutions of the Examples in a Treatise on Differential Equations（1918）^[13]

变分微积分 Calculus of Variations （1927）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）^[14]

四维几何 Geometry of Four Dimensions（1930）^[15]

理想空间的内在几何 Intrinsic Geometry of Ideal Space（1935）第一卷（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）^[16]，第二卷^[17]

参考资料

^ Cambridge Individuals. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. A. R. Forsyth (1858-1942) was a Fellow of Trinity from 1881 and Sadleirian Professor from 1895 until 1910 when he resigned due to having an affair with a colleague
^ Whittaker, E. T. Andrew Russell Forsyth. 1858-1942. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 4. 1942: 208–227 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Cambridge professorships. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. These were reformed into the Sadleirian chair of mathematics in 1860 and the holder has generally been a Trinity man. The holders have been: Arthur Cayley (1863-1895), for whom the Chair was re-established; A. R. Forsyth (1895-1910);
^ Andrew Russell Forsyth by Leonard Roth. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. Everybody knows him as the author of the age in most successful book on differential equations that has ever appeared in any language; although it was first published as long ago as 1885, it is still being reprinted. I would venture the opinion that this work has done more than anything else to retard the true development of the subject; for over two generations it has continued to put wrong ideas into people's heads concerning the nature and scope of the theory and, thanks to the author's forceful and authoritative style, in this it has been overwhelmingly successful.
^ Cambridge Individuals. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. A. R. Forsyth (1858-1942) was a Fellow of Trinity from 1881 and Sadleirian Professor from 1895 until 1910 when he resigned due to having an affair with a colleague's wife. In 1913, he went to Imperial College, London.
^ London Scientific Institutions. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. A. R. Forsyth (1855-1942) was Professor and Head of Mathematics in 1913-1923.
^ Forsyth, A. R. A Treatise On Differential Equations. London: Macmillan And Company Limited. 1956.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Theory of functions of a complex variable (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge, University Press. 1893.
^ Forsyth, A. R. Geodesics on an oblate spheroid. Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin Messenger of Mathematics. 1896, 25–26: 81–101 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Arbor, Ann , 编. Theory of differential equations. Michigan: Michigan: University of Michigan Library. 2005 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Lectures on the differential geometry of curves and surfaces. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press. 1912 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Lectures introductory to the theory of functions of two complex virables. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press. 1914 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Solutions of the examples in A Treatise on differential equations. London: Macmillan & Co. 1918.
^ Forsyth, A. R. Calculus of Variations. Nature. 1927-10-08, 120: 509 [2023-06-28]. doi:10.1038/120509a0. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Geometry Of Four Dimensions Vol I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1930.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Intrinsic Geometry of Ideal Space 1. 1935 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
^ Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Intrinsic Geometry of Ideal Space Vol II 2. London: Macmillan And Company Limited. 1935.

外部链接

Royal Society obituary （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Andrew Russell Forsyth （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Leonard Roth

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[1] Cambridge Individuals. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. A. R. Forsyth (1858-1942) was a Fellow of Trinity from 1881 and Sadleirian Professor from 1895 until 1910 when he resigned due to having an affair with a colleague

[2] Whittaker, E. T. Andrew Russell Forsyth. 1858-1942. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 4. 1942: 208–227 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[3] Cambridge professorships. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. These were reformed into the Sadleirian chair of mathematics in 1860 and the holder has generally been a Trinity man. The holders have been: Arthur Cayley (1863-1895), for whom the Chair was re-established; A. R. Forsyth (1895-1910);

[4] Andrew Russell Forsyth by Leonard Roth. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. Everybody knows him as the author of the age in most successful book on differential equations that has ever appeared in any language; although it was first published as long ago as 1885, it is still being reprinted. I would venture the opinion that this work has done more than anything else to retard the true development of the subject; for over two generations it has continued to put wrong ideas into people's heads concerning the nature and scope of the theory and, thanks to the author's forceful and authoritative style, in this it has been overwhelmingly successful.

[5] Cambridge Individuals. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. A. R. Forsyth (1858-1942) was a Fellow of Trinity from 1881 and Sadleirian Professor from 1895 until 1910 when he resigned due to having an affair with a colleague's wife. In 1913, he went to Imperial College, London.

[6] London Scientific Institutions. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）. A. R. Forsyth (1855-1942) was Professor and Head of Mathematics in 1913-1923.

[7] Forsyth, A. R. A Treatise On Differential Equations. London: Macmillan And Company Limited. 1956.

[8] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Theory of functions of a complex variable (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge, University Press. 1893.

[9] Forsyth, A. R. Geodesics on an oblate spheroid. Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin Messenger of Mathematics. 1896, 25–26: 81–101 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[10] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Arbor, Ann , 编. Theory of differential equations. Michigan: Michigan: University of Michigan Library. 2005 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[11] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Lectures on the differential geometry of curves and surfaces. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press. 1912 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[12] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Lectures introductory to the theory of functions of two complex virables. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press. 1914 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[13] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Solutions of the examples in A Treatise on differential equations. London: Macmillan & Co. 1918.

[14] Forsyth, A. R. Calculus of Variations. Nature. 1927-10-08, 120: 509 [2023-06-28]. doi:10.1038/120509a0. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[15] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Geometry Of Four Dimensions Vol I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1930.

[16] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Intrinsic Geometry of Ideal Space 1. 1935 [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.

[17] Forsyth, Andrew Russell. Intrinsic Geometry of Ideal Space Vol II 2. London: Macmillan And Company Limited. 1935.

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