CEBPA

CEBPA
識別號
别名	CEBPA；, C/EBP-alpha, CEBP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha
外部ID	OMIM：116897 MGI：99480 HomoloGene：3211 GeneCards：CEBPA
相關疾病
	急性骨髓性白血病
基因位置（人类）
染色体	19號染色體
终止	33,302,534 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠7号染色体
终止	34,821,353 bp
基因本體
分子功能	• DNA结合; • sequence-specific DNA binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; • DNA结合转录因子活性; • 转录共激活因子活性; • 转录因子结合; • RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; • 激酶结合; • 血浆蛋白结合; • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding; • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific;
細胞組分	• 轉錄調節複合物; • RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex; • 核仁; • 细胞核; • 核质; • 細胞內膜結合細胞器;
生物學過程	• Notch信号通路; • transcription by RNA polymerase I; • myeloid cell differentiation; • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • cellular response to lithium ion; • glucose homeostasis; • negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • lung development; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • 尿素循环; • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • cellular response to organic cyclic compound; • mitochondrion organization; • embryonic placenta development; • cholesterol metabolic process; • negative regulation of cell cycle; • negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • cell maturation; • generation of precursor metabolites and energy; • transcription, DNA-templated; • macrophage differentiation; • multicellular organism development; • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; • granulocyte differentiation; • regulation of cell population proliferation; • brown fat cell differentiation; • lipid homeostasis; • white fat cell differentiation; • 内耳的发生; • liver development; • viral process; • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III; • fat cell differentiation; • positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • negative regulation of cell population proliferation; • transcription by RNA polymerase II; • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; • positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation; • positive regulation of macrophage activation; • positive regulation of inflammatory response; • interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	1050
	12606
	ENSG00000245848
	ENSMUSG00000034957
	P49715
	P53566
	NM_004364; NM_001285829; NM_001287424; NM_001287435
	NM_001287514; NM_001287515; NM_001287521; NM_001287523; NM_007678
	NP_001272758; NP_001274353; NP_001274364; NP_004355
	NP_001274443; NP_001274444; NP_001274450; NP_001274452; NP_031704
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α，简称C/EBP-α或CEBPA是一种由人类CEBPA基因编码的蛋白质。^[6]^[7]CEBPA是参与某些血细胞分化的转录因子。^[8]有关基因增强子中的CCAAT结构基序和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白的详细信息，请参见特定页面。

功能

这种无内含子基因编码的蛋白质是一种bZIP转录因子，它可以作为同源二聚体与某些启动子和基因增强子结合。它还可以与相关蛋白C/EBP-β和C/EBP-γ以及不同的转录因子如c-Jun形成异二聚体。编码的蛋白质是脂肪细胞生成和这些细胞中脂质积累以及肝脏中葡萄糖和脂质代谢的关键调节因子。^[9]该蛋白质已被证明与启动子结合并调节编码瘦蛋白的基因的表达，瘦蛋白是一种在体重稳态中起重要作用的蛋白质。此外，编码的蛋白质可以与CDK2和CDK4相互作用，从而抑制这些激酶并导致培养的细胞停止分裂。^[10]此外，CEBPA对骨髓谱系定型至关重要，因此对于正常成熟粒细胞的形成和异常急性骨髓性白血病的发展都是必需的。^[11]

常见突变

CEBPA突变可分为两大类。一类突变通过改变其COOH末端碱性亮氨酸拉链结构域来阻止CEBPA的DNA结合。另一类突变破坏了CEBPA的NH₂末端的翻译。 CEBPA突变导致CEBPA活性降低，有助于骨髓前体的转化。^[12]

相互作用

CEBPA已被证明与周期蛋白依赖性激酶2 相互作用^[13]和周期蛋白依赖性激酶4。^[13]

临床意义

CEBPA的突变已被证明与成人和儿童急性骨髓性白血病患者的良好结果有关。^[14]

在急性骨髓性白血病中的意义

急性骨髓性白血病的特征在于造血祖细胞的遗传异常。这包括原始细胞的过度增殖，以及阻止粒细胞的造血。已经表明，抑制CEBPA表达和阻断CEBPA会阻止骨髓祖细胞的分化。出于这个原因，CEBPA在粒细胞分化过程中的作用和CEBPA作为肿瘤抑制基因的作用在急性髓细胞白血病的预后中至关重要。^[15]

CEBPA突变的预后意义

CEBPA在未成熟粒细胞的分化中非常重要。CEBPA基因的突变已被证明在急性骨髓性白血病患者的白血病发生和预后中起关键作用。在最近的研究中，在7%到15%的急性骨髓性白血病患者中发现了CEBPA突变。在这些急性骨髓性白血病患者中看到的三种不同类型的突变包括种系N末端突变、N末端框移突变和C末端突变。这些突变最常见于急性骨髓性白血病M1或M2。许多报道将CEBPA突变与急性骨髓细胞白血病的良好结果联系起来。这是因为这些突变可能会导致这些患者的分化停滞。有CEBPA突变的患者比没有突变的患者有更长的缓解持续时间和生存时间。^[12]因此，CEBPA突变的存在与疾病进展的更有利过程直接相关。^[16]

在实体瘤中的意义

最近显示，CEBPA远端启动子区域的表观遗传修饰导致胰腺癌细胞、肺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌中CEBPA表达下调。^[17]^[18]

CEBPA的甲基化作为急性骨髓性白血病患者的预后生物标记

最近的一项研究发现，较高水平的CEBPA甲基化与治疗反应成正比。完全反应率与CEBPA甲基化水平成比例增加。出于这个原因，有人提出CEBPA的甲基化可能是急性髓细胞白血病预后中非常有用的生物标记。^[19]

参考文献

^ 與CEBPA相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000245848 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034957 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, Szpirer J. Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP, and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF). Genomics. July 1992, 13 (2): 293–300. PMID 1535333. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90245-N.
^ Cao Z, Umek RM, McKnight SL. Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Genes Dev. October 1991, 5 (9): 1538–52. PMID 1840554. doi:10.1101/gad.5.9.1538 .
^ CEBPA. Genetics Home Reference. April 20, 2016 [April 25, 2016].
^ Olofsson LE, Orho-Melander M, William-Olsson L, Sjöholm K, Sjöström L, Groop L, Carlsson B, Carlsson LM, Olsson B. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) in adipose tissue regulates genes in lipid and glucose metabolism and a genetic variation in C/EBPalpha is associated with serum levels of triglycerides. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1 December 2009, 93 (12): 4880–4886. PMID 18765514. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0574 .
^ Entrez Gene: CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha.
^ Ohlsson E, Schuster MB, Hasemann M, Porse BT. The multifaceted functions of C/EBPalpha in normal and malignant haematopoiesis. Leukemia. Apr 2016, 30 (4): 767–75. PMID 26601784. S2CID 24767947. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.324.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Lin LI, Chen CY, Lin DT, Tsay W, Tang JL, Yeh YC, et al. "Characterization of CEBPA mutations in acute myeloid leukemia " most patients with CEBPA mutations have biallelic mutations and show a distinct immunophenotype of the leukemic cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2005, 11 (4): 1372–9. PMID 15746035. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1816 .
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Wang H, Iakova P, Wilde M, Welm A, Goode T, Roesler WJ, Timchenko NA. C/EBPalpha arrests cell proliferation through direct inhibition of Cdk2 and Cdk4. Mol. Cell. October 2001, 8 (4): 817–28. PMID 11684017. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00366-5 .
^ Ho PA, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Pollard J, Stirewalt DL, Hurwitz C, Heerema NA, Hirsch B, Raimondi SC, Lange B, Franklin JL, Radich JP, Meshinchi S. Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. June 2009, 113 (26): 6558–66. PMC 2943755 . PMID 19304957. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-10-184747.
^ Lin TC, Hou HA, Chou WC, Ou DL, Yu SL, Tien HF, et al. CEBPA methylation as a prognostic biomarker in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2011, 25 (1): 32–40. PMID 20927134. doi:10.1038/leu.2010.222 .
^ El-Sharnouby JA, Ahmed LM, Taha AM, Kamal O. Prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations and BAALC expression in acute myeloid leukemia Egyptian patients with normal karyotype. Egypt J Immunol. 2010;15:131–143.
^ Tada Y, Brena RM, Hackanson B, Morrison C, Otterson GA, Plass C. Epigenetic modulation of tumor suppressor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha activity in lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006, 98 (6): 396–406. PMID 16537832. doi:10.1093/jnci/djj093 .
^ Bennett KL, Hackanson B, Smith LT, Morrison CD, Lang JC, Schuller DE, et al. Tumor suppressor activity of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha is epigenetically down-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2007, 67 (10): 4657–4664. PMID 17510391. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4793 .
^ Lin TC, Hou HA, Chou WC, Ou DL, Yu SL, Tien HF, et al. CEBPA methylation as a prognostic biomarker in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2011, 25 (1): 32–40. PMID 20927134. doi:10.1038/leu.2010.222 .

阅读

Sladek FM, Darnell JE. Mechanisms of liver-specific gene expression.. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1992, 2 (2): 256–9. PMID 1638120. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80282-5.
Marcucci G, Mrózek K, Bloomfield CD. Molecular heterogeneity and prognostic biomarkers in adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics.. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 2005, 12 (1): 68–75. PMID 15604894. S2CID 6183391. doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000149608.29685.d1.
Leroy H, Roumier C, Huyghe P, Biggio V, Fenaux P, Preudhomme C. CEBPA point mutations in hematological malignancies. Leukemia. March 2005, 19 (3): 329–34. PMID 15674366. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403614 .

外部链接

Human CEBPA genome location and CEBPA gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser（英语：UCSC Genome Browser）.
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Familial Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Mutated CEBPA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：CEBPA+protein,+human

[1] 與CEBPA相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000245848 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034957 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1535333-6] Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, Szpirer J. Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP, and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF). Genomics. July 1992, 13 (2): 293–300. PMID 1535333. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90245-N.

[pmid1840554-7] Cao Z, Umek RM, McKnight SL. Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Genes Dev. October 1991, 5 (9): 1538–52. PMID 1840554. doi:10.1101/gad.5.9.1538 .

[8] CEBPA. Genetics Home Reference. April 20, 2016 [April 25, 2016].

[Olofsson2008-9] Olofsson LE, Orho-Melander M, William-Olsson L, Sjöholm K, Sjöström L, Groop L, Carlsson B, Carlsson LM, Olsson B. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) in adipose tissue regulates genes in lipid and glucose metabolism and a genetic variation in C/EBPalpha is associated with serum levels of triglycerides. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1 December 2009, 93 (12): 4880–4886. PMID 18765514. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0574 .

[10] Entrez Gene: CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha.

[11] Ohlsson E, Schuster MB, Hasemann M, Porse BT. The multifaceted functions of C/EBPalpha in normal and malignant haematopoiesis. Leukemia. Apr 2016, 30 (4): 767–75. PMID 26601784. S2CID 24767947. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.324.

[:0-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Lin LI, Chen CY, Lin DT, Tsay W, Tang JL, Yeh YC, et al. "Characterization of CEBPA mutations in acute myeloid leukemia " most patients with CEBPA mutations have biallelic mutations and show a distinct immunophenotype of the leukemic cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2005, 11 (4): 1372–9. PMID 15746035. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1816 .

[pmid11684017-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Wang H, Iakova P, Wilde M, Welm A, Goode T, Roesler WJ, Timchenko NA. C/EBPalpha arrests cell proliferation through direct inhibition of Cdk2 and Cdk4. Mol. Cell. October 2001, 8 (4): 817–28. PMID 11684017. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00366-5 .

[pmid19304957-14] Ho PA, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Pollard J, Stirewalt DL, Hurwitz C, Heerema NA, Hirsch B, Raimondi SC, Lange B, Franklin JL, Radich JP, Meshinchi S. Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. June 2009, 113 (26): 6558–66. PMC 2943755 . PMID 19304957. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-10-184747.

[15] Lin TC, Hou HA, Chou WC, Ou DL, Yu SL, Tien HF, et al. CEBPA methylation as a prognostic biomarker in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2011, 25 (1): 32–40. PMID 20927134. doi:10.1038/leu.2010.222 .

[16] El-Sharnouby JA, Ahmed LM, Taha AM, Kamal O. Prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations and BAALC expression in acute myeloid leukemia Egyptian patients with normal karyotype. Egypt J Immunol. 2010;15:131–143.

[17] Tada Y, Brena RM, Hackanson B, Morrison C, Otterson GA, Plass C. Epigenetic modulation of tumor suppressor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha activity in lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006, 98 (6): 396–406. PMID 16537832. doi:10.1093/jnci/djj093 .

[18] Bennett KL, Hackanson B, Smith LT, Morrison CD, Lang JC, Schuller DE, et al. Tumor suppressor activity of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha is epigenetically down-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2007, 67 (10): 4657–4664. PMID 17510391. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4793 .

[19] Lin TC, Hou HA, Chou WC, Ou DL, Yu SL, Tien HF, et al. CEBPA methylation as a prognostic biomarker in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2011, 25 (1): 32–40. PMID 20927134. doi:10.1038/leu.2010.222 .

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