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极小质数

维基百科,自由的百科全书

极小质数(英语:minimal prime)是娱乐数学中的一个名词,若一质数在数字顺序不变下,所有子序列都不是质数,该质数就是极小质数。

概要

以类似的概念来看,以下的32个合数在数字顺序不变下,所有子序列都不是合数:

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, 70, 72, 75, 77, 111, 117, 171, 371, 711, 713, 731 (OEIS数列A071070

若只考虑除以4会余1的质数,以下146个质数在数字顺序不变下,其子序列都没有除以4会余1的质数:

5, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 61, 73, 89, 97, 101, 109, 149, 181, 233, 277, 281, 349, 409, 433, 449, 677, 701, 709, 769, 821, 877, 881, 1669, 2221, 3001, 3121, 3169, 3221, 3301, 3833, 4969, 4993, 6469, 6833, 6949, 7121, 7477, 7949, 9001, 9049, 9221, 9649, 9833, 9901, 9949, ... (OEIS数列A111055

若只考虑除以4会余3的质数,以下113个质数在数字顺序不变下,其子序列都没有除以4会余3的质数:

3, 7, 11, 19, 59, 251, 491, 499, 691, 991, 2099, 2699, 2999, 4051, 4451, 4651, 5051, 5651, 5851, 6299, 6451, 6551, 6899, 8291, 8699, 8951, 8999, 9551, 9851, ... (OEIS数列A111056

十进制的例子

在十进制下,极小质数共有以下26个: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 41, 61, 89, 409, 449, 499, 881, 991, 6469, 6949, 9001, 9049, 9649, 9949, 60649, 666649, 946669, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049 (A071062)

以409为例,其子序列有4,0,9,40,49,09,都不是质数,因此409为极小质数。子序列不一定要在原质数中连续的位子上。例如109不是极小质数,因为子序列中的19是质数。子序列的数字顺序需和原来相同,不能将两数字的顺序对调。例如991,虽然19是质数,但因为位置对调,不在考虑范围内,而其他子序列都不是质数,因此991是极小质数。

其他进制

极小质数也可以扩展到其他的进制。可以证明在每一个进制下,极小质数的个数都是有限个。换句话说,每一个足够大英语sufficiently large的质数都至少会有一个子序列是质数。

b b下的极小质数(以b进制表示,其中的字母A,  B,  C, ... 表示数值10, 11, 12, ...) b进制下
极小质数的个数
1 11 1
2 10, 11 2
3 2, 10, 111 3
4 2, 3, 11 3
5 2, 3, 10, 111, 401, 414, 14444, 44441 8
6 2, 3, 5, 11, 4401, 4441, 40041 7
7 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 16, 41, 61, 11111 9
8 2, 3, 5, 7, 111, 141, 161, 401, 661, 4611, 6101, 6441, 60411, 444641, 444444441 15
9 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 18, 41, 81, 601, 661, 1011, 1101 12
10 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 41, 61, 89, 409, 449, 499, 881, 991, 6469, 6949, 9001, 9049, 9649, 9949, 60649, 666649, 946669, 60000049, 66000049, 66600049 26
11 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 16, 18, 49, 61, 81, 89, 94, 98, 9A, 199, 1AA, 414, 919, A1A, AA1, 11A9, 66A9, A119, A911, AAA9, 11144, 11191, 1141A, 114A1, 1411A, 144A4, 14A11, 1A114, 1A411, 4041A, 40441, 404A1, 4111A, 411A1, 44401, 444A1, 44A01, 6A609, 6A669, 6A696, 6A906, 6A966, 90901, 99111, A0111, A0669, A0966, A0999, A0A09, A4401, A6096, A6966, A6999, A9091, A9699, A9969, 401A11, 404001, 404111, 440A41, 4A0401, 4A4041, 60A069, 6A0096, 6A0A96, 6A9099, 6A9909, 909991, 999901, A00009, A60609, A66069, A66906, A69006, A90099, A90996, A96006, A96666, 111114A, 1111A14, 1111A41, 1144441, 14A4444, 1A44444, 4000111, 4011111, 41A1111, 4411111, 444441A, 4A11111, 4A40001, 6000A69, 6000A96, 6A00069, 9900991, 9990091, A000696, A000991, A006906, A040041, A141111, A600A69, A906606, A909009, A990009, 40A00041, 60A99999, 99000001, A0004041, A9909006, A9990006, A9990606, A9999966, 40000A401, 44A444441, 900000091, A00990001, A44444111, A66666669, A90000606, A99999006, A99999099, 600000A999, A000144444, A900000066, A0000000001, A0014444444, 40000000A0041, A000000014444, A044444444441, A144444444411, 40000000000401, A0000044444441, A00000000444441, 11111111111111111, 14444444444441111, 44444444444444111, A1444444444444444, A9999999999999996, 1444444444444444444, 4000000000000000A041, A999999999999999999999, A44444444444444444444444441, 40000000000000000000000000041, 440000000000000000000000000001, 999999999999999999999999999999991, 444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441 152
12 2, 3, 5, 7, B, 11, 61, 81, 91, 401, A41, 4441, A0A1, AAAA1, 44AAA1, AAA0001, AA000001 17

十进制下的12个极小质数列在OEISA110600

参考资料