国际青年物理学家竞赛
国际青年物理学家竞赛(International Young Physicists’ Tournament, IYPT)是当今国际上最有影响力的年度物理学竞赛之一。这一竞赛围绕每年不同的17个问题展开。参赛者组队,通过团队合作尝试解决问题。
比赛持续大约一周的时间。期间,有约150支来自世界各地的参赛队伍参加比赛。截至2012年,总计有40个国家参与过这一赛事。
与论文答辩或科学会议相似,参与者展示并讨论他们对比赛问题的研究成果,以对抗辩论的方式呈现。参赛团队们在比赛过程中的角色有正方(Reporter),反方(Opponent)和评论方(Reviewer)。这是为了培养学生学习同行评审的概念。IYPT在范围和理念上与IPhO有所区别。经过多年的发展,IYPT已经成为一个全球性的物理推广中心,公认的享有越来越大的影响和推广力。
IYPT这一比赛的概念是Evgeny Yunosov于1979年最先提出的。第一届比赛在1988年举办。此后,这一比赛在国际上的影响力越来越大。20世纪90年代以来,IYPT更多地被媒体非正式地称为物理世界杯。
比赛问题
比赛组织者每年会为IYPT选出17道题。这些题目来自于物理学的各个领域,甚至是交叉学科。这些题目与考试不同,没有标准答案,更多的是开放性的。
历届比赛
(*) 由于部分国家已经不存在或独立,因此国家参赛队伍数目可能有争议
历年参加IYPT的国家
下表显示了各个国家历年参加比赛的队伍数。 "H"表示这一国家在这一年承办了比赛。 "0", "1", "2", "3"表示这一年代表该国参赛的队伍数。(?)表示数据可能不准确。
国家 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
亚美尼亚 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
澳大利亚 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
奥地利 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
白俄罗斯 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
巴西 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
保加利亚 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
中国 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
台湾 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
克罗地亚 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Obs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
赛普勒斯 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
捷克 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
捷克斯洛伐克 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
芬兰 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Obs | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
法国 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Obs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
格鲁吉亚 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
德国 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
匈牙利 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
印度尼西亚 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
伊朗 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
肯尼亚 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
摩尔多瓦 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
墨西哥 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
荷兰 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
新西兰 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
奈及利亚 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
波兰 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
俄罗斯 | — | — | — | — | H, 3 | H, 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H,1 | 1 |
新加坡 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
斯洛伐克 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
斯洛维尼亚 | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
韩国 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Obs | Obs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
苏联 | H, ? | H, 2 | H, 2 | H, 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
瑞典 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Obs | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Obs | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
瑞士 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Obs | 0 | 0 | Obs | Obs | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
泰国 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H,1 | 1 | 1 |
乌克兰 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H, 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
英国 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | H,1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
美国 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Obs | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
乌兹别克斯坦 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
来源 | [1] | [1] | [1] | [1] | [1] | [1] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] | [8] |
国家 | 金牌 | 银牌 | 铜牌 | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|
德国 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 22 |
新加坡 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
韩国 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 14 |
波兰 | 5 | 4 | 15 | 24 |
捷克 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 10
|
斯洛伐克 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 18 |
奥地利 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
匈牙利 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 16 |
中国 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
新西兰 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 12 |
白俄罗斯 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 18 |
台湾 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 |
格鲁吉亚 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 12 |
俄罗斯 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 12 |
澳大利亚 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
伊朗 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
苏联 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
克罗地亚 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
保加利亚 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
捷克斯洛伐克 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
参见
参考资料
- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 [Detailed history of IYPTs in 1988-1993 (preprint) http://ilyam.org/Draft_IM_Detailed_history_IYPT_1988-1993.pdf (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)]
- ^ (PDF) http://kit.ilyam.org/FDD_2014_IYPT_Reference_kit.pdf. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-10-19). 缺少或
|title=
为空 (帮助) - ^ Results, Previews and scanned documents for IYPT 2014. results.iypt.org. [2016-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-21).
- ^ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20170519011112/http://iypt.org/images/8/87/problems2015.pdf. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-05-19). 缺少或
|title=
为空 (帮助) - ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20161211173634/http://results.iypt.org/IYPT2015/. (原始内容存档于2016-12-11). 缺少或
|title=
为空 (帮助) - ^ (PDF) http://kit.ilyam.org/Draft_2016_IYPT_Reference_kit.pdf. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-06-22). 缺少或
|title=
为空 (帮助) - ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20161216050436/http://results.iypt.org/IYPT2016/. (原始内容存档于2016-12-16). 缺少或
|title=
为空 (帮助) - ^ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 IYPT Archive: factsheets. [2012-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-11).
外部链接
- Official Website of the IYPT(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- IYPT Archive(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in Austria(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in New Zealand(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in Singapore
- National YPT Organisation in the United Kingdom(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in Iran(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in the United States(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in the Republic of Korea (in Korean)
- National YPT Organisation in Brazil (in Portuguese)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in Slovakia (in Slovak)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in Switzerland (in German)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National YPT Organisation in Taiwan (in Chinese)
- Junior Youth Physicists' Tournament(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)