東歐文化圈
東歐文化圈(又被稱爲斯拉夫文化圈、東正教文化圈、西里爾文化圈),文化上亦屬於廣義的西方世界,其範圍主要為東歐(前蘇聯和巴爾幹半島)地區。其特徵為:多為斯拉夫民族,民衆多信奉東正教(基督正教),廣泛使用西里爾字母。
西里爾字母
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg/330px-Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg.png)
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/330px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png)
西里爾字母源於脫胎自希臘字母的格拉哥里字母,普遍認為是由基督教傳教士聖西里爾(827年-869年)和聖梅篤丟斯在9世紀為了在斯拉夫民族傳播基督教(當時東西教會還未正式分裂)方便所創立的,被斯拉夫民族廣泛採用,因此有時也稱為斯拉夫字母。早期的西里爾字母又稱作古斯拉夫語字母(現代的斯拉夫字母經過修改)。
東正教
東正教是基督宗教中的一個派別,主要是指依循由東羅馬帝國(又稱拜占庭帝國)所流傳下來的基督信仰傳統的教會。它是與天主教、基督新教並立的基督宗教三大派別之一。「正教」的希臘語(Orthodxia)意思是正統。
斯拉夫民族
斯拉夫民族發源於今波蘭東南部維斯杜拉河上游一帶,於西元一世紀時開始向外遷徙,至六世紀時期居地已經遍佈東歐地區。依居住地的不同,斯拉夫民族可分成東、西、南三支,其中東支主要分佈於前蘇聯境內,分佈在東歐各地者以西、南兩支為主。
使用斯拉夫語及西里爾字母的國家和地區列表
國家 | 使用者 | 百分率 | 年份 | 參考 |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
23,484 | 0.8% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
44,058 | 0.2% | 2012 | [1] |
![]() |
8,446 | 0.1% | 2001 | [1] |
![]() |
122,449 | 1.4% | 2009 | [1] |
![]() |
6,672,964 | 70.2% | 2009 | [1] |
![]() |
112,150 | 0.3% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
1,592 | 0.04% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
20,984 | 2.5% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
31,622 | 0.3% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
383,118 | 29.6% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
54,559 | 1.0% | 2010 | [1] |
![]() |
16,355 | 0.4% | 2002 | [1] |
![]() |
1,155,960 | 15% | 2011 | [2] |
![]() |
2,104 | 0.14% | 2009 | [1] |
![]() |
4,351,404 | 23.7% | 2016 | [1] |
![]() |
482,200 | 8.9% | 2009 | [3] |
![]() |
698,757 | 33.8% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
218,383 | 7.2% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
40 | 0.003% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
380,796 | 11.3% | 2004 | [1] |
![]() |
7,896 | 0.2% | 2006 | [1] |
![]() |
16,833 | 0.3% | 2012 | [1] |
![]() |
21,916 | 0.1% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
18946 | 0.09% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
137,494,893 | 96.2% | 2010 | [1] |
![]() |
3,179 | 0.04% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
1,866 | 0.03% | 2001 | [1] |
![]() |
40,598 | 0.5% | 2012 | [1] |
![]() |
634,958 | 12.0% | 2016 | [1] |
![]() |
14,273,670 | 29.6% | 2001 | [1] |
![]() |
879,434 | 0.3% | 2013 | [4] |
![]() |
4,185,253 | 14.2% | 2016 | [1] |
以東歐文化圈為主的國家
民族 | 民族國家 | 人口的大概數字 | |
---|---|---|---|
俄羅斯人 | ![]() |
130,000,000–150,000,000 | [5][6][7] |
波蘭人 | ![]() |
57,393,000–60,000,000 | [8][9][10][11] |
烏克蘭人 | ![]() |
46,700,000–51,800,000 | [12] |
塞爾維亞人 | ![]() |
11,500,000–12,500,000 | [13][14] |
捷克人 | ![]() |
10,000,000–12,000,000 | [15] |
保加利亞人 | ![]() |
10,000,000 | [16][17] |
白俄羅斯人 | ![]() |
10,000,000 | [18] |
克羅地亞人 | ![]() |
9,000,000 | [19][20][21] |
斯洛伐克人 | ![]() |
6,940,000 | [22] |
波什尼亞克人 | ![]() |
2,800,000–4,600,000 | |
斯洛文尼亞人 | ![]() |
2,500,000 | [22] |
馬其頓人 | ![]() |
2,100,000 | [23][24] |
黑山人 | ![]() |
560,000 | |
摩爾多瓦人 | ![]() |
2,998,235 |
相關條目
註釋
- ^ Based on a 2011 population of 7,706,400 (Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel[永久失效連結])
參考文獻
- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence. UNdata. [13 October 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2016-05-19).
- ^ Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages (Hebrew Only). [12 October 2013]. (原始內容存檔於2013年10月13日).
- ^ Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009 (PDF). UN Stats. [1 November 2015]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-07-10).
- ^ Language Spoken At Home By Ability To Speak English For The Population 5 Years And Over. American FactFinder. [3 April 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-04).
- ^ Estimates range between 130 and 150 million. 111 million in the Russian Federation (2010 census), about 16 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states (8 M in Ukraine, 4.5 M in Kazakhstan, 1 M in Belarus, 0.6 M Latvia, 0.6 M in Uzbekistan, 0.6 M in Kyrgyzstan. Up to 10 million Russian diaspora elsewhere (mostly Americas and Western Europe).
- ^ Нас 150 миллионов -Русское зарубежье, российские соотечественники, русские за границей, русские за рубежом, соотечественники, русскоязычное население, русские общины, диаспора, эмиграция. Russkie.org. 20 February 2012 [29 April 2013]. (原始內容存檔於2018-12-25).
- ^ Чеченцы требуют снести памятник Юрию Буданову - Новости @ inform - РООИВС "Русичи". web.archive.org. 23 June 2012 [2020-12-09]. 原始內容存檔於2012-06-23.
- ^ 37.5–38 million in Poland and 21–22 million ethnic Poles or people of ethnic Polish extraction elsewhere. "Polmap. Rozmieszczenie ludności pochodzenia polskiego (w mln)" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- ^ including 36,522,000 single ethnic identity, 871,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 431,000 Polish and Silesian, 216,000 Polish and Kashubian and 224,000 Polish and another identity) in Poland (according to the census 2011 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)) and estimated over 20,000,000 Polish Diaspora Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: "Polacy za granicą" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (Polish people abroad as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the association Wspólnota Polska)
- ^ Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (PDF). Główny Urząd Statystyczny. January 2013: 89–101 [12 December 2014]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2014-10-27) (波蘭語).
- ^ Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (PDF). Warsaw: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. November 2015: 129–136 [2020-12-09]. ISBN 978-83-7027-597-6. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-08-08) (波蘭語).
- ^ Paul R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. 2010: 10–. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7.
- ^ Svaki drugi Srbin živi izvan Srbije (PDF). Novosti: 5. May 2014 [2019-11-02]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2019-06-05).
- ^ Serbs around the World by region (PDF). Serbian Unity Congress. 2013 [2020-12-09]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-12-05).
- ^ Tab. 6.2 Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti podle krajů [Table. 6.2 Population by nationality, by region] (PDF). Czech Statistical Office. 2011 [2020-12-09]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-01-31) (捷克語).
- ^ Kolev, Yordan, Българите извън България 1878 – 1945, 2005, р. 18 Quote:"В началото на XXI в. общият брой на етническите българи в България и зад граница се изчислява на около 10 милиона души/In 2005 the number of Bulgarians is 10 million people
- ^ The Report: Bulgaria 2008. Oxford Business Group. 2008: 8 [26 March 2016]. ISBN 978-1-902339-92-4.
- ^ Karatnycky, Adrian. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 2000–2001. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 2001: 81 [7 June 2015]. ISBN 978-0-7658-0884-4. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-22).
- ^ Daphne Winland, Croatian Diaspora, Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember; Ian Skoggard (編), Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities 2 illustrated, Springer Science+Business: 76, 2004 [2020-12-09], ISBN 978-0-306-48321-9, (原始內容存檔於2016-05-08),
It is estimated that 4.5 million Croatians live outside Croatia ...
- ^ Hrvatski Svjetski Kongres. [1 June 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2003-06-23)., Croatian World Congress, "4.5 million Croats and people of Croatian heritage live outside of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina"
- ^ Palermo, Francesco. National Minorities in Inter-State Relations: Filling the Legal Vacuum?. Francesco Palermo (編). National Minorities in Inter-State Relations. Natalie Sabanadze. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2011: 11. ISBN 978-90-04-17598-3.
- ^ 22.0 22.1 including 4,353,000 in Slovakia (according to the census 2011), 147,000 single ethnic identity, 19,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 18,000 Czech and Slovak and 1,000 Slovak and another identity) in Czech Republic (according to the census 2011), 53,000 in Serbia (according to the census 2011 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)), 762,000 in the USA (according to the census 2010 Archive.is的存檔,存檔日期2020-02-12), 2,000 single ethnic identity and 1,000 multiple ethnic identity Slovak and Polish in Poland (according to the census 2011 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)), 21,000 single ethnic identity, 43,000 multiple ethnic identity in Canada (according to the census 2006 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館))
- ^ Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora; Gerovska, Dragica. Матица на Иселениците на Македонија [Matrix of Expatriates of Macedonia]. Skopje: Macedonian Expatriation Almanac '95. 1995: 52–53 (馬其頓語).
- ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2020-12-09]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-08-18).
- Pål Kolstø, "The new Russian diaspora - an identity of its own? Possible identity trajectories for Russians in the former Soviet republic." Ethnic and Racial studies, July 1996, pp. 609–639
- Pål Kolstø, "The price of stability. Kazakhstani control mechanisms in a bipolar cultural and demographic situation", paper presented at conf. Democracy and Pluralism in the Muslim Areas of the Former Soviet Union at The Cummings Center, University of Tel Aviv, 7–9 November 1999 [1](頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Autin, Claire, «Les États baltes. Le défi des minorités russophones», Géographie et cultures, No. 38, 2001 :5-24