东欧文化圈
东欧文化圈(又被称为斯拉夫文化圈、东正教文化圈、西里尔文化圈),文化上亦属于广义的西方世界,其范围主要为东欧(前苏联和巴尔干半岛)地区。其特征为:多为斯拉夫民族,民众多信奉东正教(基督正教),广泛使用西里尔字母。
西里尔字母
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg/330px-Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg.png)
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/330px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png)
西里尔字母源于脱胎自希腊字母的格拉哥里字母,普遍认为是由基督教传教士圣西里尔(827年-869年)和圣梅笃丢斯在9世纪为了在斯拉夫民族传播基督教(当时东西教会还未正式分裂)方便所创立的,被斯拉夫民族广泛采用,因此有时也称为斯拉夫字母。早期的西里尔字母又称作古斯拉夫语字母(现代的斯拉夫字母经过修改)。
东正教
东正教是基督宗教中的一个派别,主要是指依循由东罗马帝国(又称拜占庭帝国)所流传下来的基督信仰传统的教会。它是与天主教、基督新教并立的基督宗教三大派别之一。“正教”的希腊语(Orthodxia)意思是正统。
斯拉夫民族
斯拉夫民族发源于今波兰东南部维斯杜拉河上游一带,于西元一世纪时开始向外迁徙,至六世纪时期居地已经遍布东欧地区。依居住地的不同,斯拉夫民族可分成东、西、南三支,其中东支主要分布于前苏联境内,分布在东欧各地者以西、南两支为主。
使用斯拉夫语及西里尔字母的国家和地区列表
国家 | 使用者 | 百分率 | 年份 | 参考 |
---|---|---|---|---|
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23,484 | 0.8% | 2011 | [1] |
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44,058 | 0.2% | 2012 | [1] |
![]() |
8,446 | 0.1% | 2001 | [1] |
![]() |
122,449 | 1.4% | 2009 | [1] |
![]() |
6,672,964 | 70.2% | 2009 | [1] |
![]() |
112,150 | 0.3% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
1,592 | 0.04% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
20,984 | 2.5% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
31,622 | 0.3% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
383,118 | 29.6% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
54,559 | 1.0% | 2010 | [1] |
![]() |
16,355 | 0.4% | 2002 | [1] |
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1,155,960 | 15% | 2011 | [2] |
![]() |
2,104 | 0.14% | 2009 | [1] |
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4,351,404 | 23.7% | 2016 | [1] |
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482,200 | 8.9% | 2009 | [3] |
![]() |
698,757 | 33.8% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
218,383 | 7.2% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
40 | 0.003% | 2011 | [1] |
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380,796 | 11.3% | 2004 | [1] |
![]() |
7,896 | 0.2% | 2006 | [1] |
![]() |
16,833 | 0.3% | 2012 | [1] |
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21,916 | 0.1% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
18946 | 0.09% | 2011 | [1] |
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137,494,893 | 96.2% | 2010 | [1] |
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3,179 | 0.04% | 2011 | [1] |
![]() |
1,866 | 0.03% | 2001 | [1] |
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40,598 | 0.5% | 2012 | [1] |
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634,958 | 12.0% | 2016 | [1] |
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14,273,670 | 29.6% | 2001 | [1] |
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879,434 | 0.3% | 2013 | [4] |
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4,185,253 | 14.2% | 2016 | [1] |
以东欧文化圈为主的国家
民族 | 民族国家 | 人口的大概数字 | |
---|---|---|---|
俄罗斯人 | ![]() |
130,000,000–150,000,000 | [5][6][7] |
波兰人 | ![]() |
57,393,000–60,000,000 | [8][9][10][11] |
乌克兰人 | ![]() |
46,700,000–51,800,000 | [12] |
塞尔维亚人 | ![]() |
11,500,000–12,500,000 | [13][14] |
捷克人 | ![]() |
10,000,000–12,000,000 | [15] |
保加利亚人 | ![]() |
10,000,000 | [16][17] |
白俄罗斯人 | ![]() |
10,000,000 | [18] |
克罗地亚人 | ![]() |
9,000,000 | [19][20][21] |
斯洛伐克人 | ![]() |
6,940,000 | [22] |
波什尼亚克人 | ![]() |
2,800,000–4,600,000 | |
斯洛文尼亚人 | ![]() |
2,500,000 | [22] |
马其顿人 | ![]() |
2,100,000 | [23][24] |
黑山人 | ![]() |
560,000 | |
摩尔多瓦人 | ![]() |
2,998,235 |
相关条目
注释
- ^ Based on a 2011 population of 7,706,400 (Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel[永久失效链接])
参考文献
- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence. UNdata. [13 October 2015]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-19).
- ^ Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages (Hebrew Only). [12 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013年10月13日).
- ^ Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009 (PDF). UN Stats. [1 November 2015]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-10).
- ^ Language Spoken At Home By Ability To Speak English For The Population 5 Years And Over. American FactFinder. [3 April 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-04).
- ^ Estimates range between 130 and 150 million. 111 million in the Russian Federation (2010 census), about 16 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states (8 M in Ukraine, 4.5 M in Kazakhstan, 1 M in Belarus, 0.6 M Latvia, 0.6 M in Uzbekistan, 0.6 M in Kyrgyzstan. Up to 10 million Russian diaspora elsewhere (mostly Americas and Western Europe).
- ^ Нас 150 миллионов -Русское зарубежье, российские соотечественники, русские за границей, русские за рубежом, соотечественники, русскоязычное население, русские общины, диаспора, эмиграция. Russkie.org. 20 February 2012 [29 April 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25).
- ^ Чеченцы требуют снести памятник Юрию Буданову - Новости @ inform - РООИВС "Русичи". web.archive.org. 23 June 2012 [2020-12-09]. 原始内容存档于2012-06-23.
- ^ 37.5–38 million in Poland and 21–22 million ethnic Poles or people of ethnic Polish extraction elsewhere. "Polmap. Rozmieszczenie ludności pochodzenia polskiego (w mln)" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ including 36,522,000 single ethnic identity, 871,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 431,000 Polish and Silesian, 216,000 Polish and Kashubian and 224,000 Polish and another identity) in Poland (according to the census 2011 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)) and estimated over 20,000,000 Polish Diaspora Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: "Polacy za granicą" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (Polish people abroad as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the association Wspólnota Polska)
- ^ Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (PDF). Główny Urząd Statystyczny. January 2013: 89–101 [12 December 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-27) (波兰语).
- ^ Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (PDF). Warsaw: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. November 2015: 129–136 [2020-12-09]. ISBN 978-83-7027-597-6. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-08) (波兰语).
- ^ Paul R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. 2010: 10–. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7.
- ^ Svaki drugi Srbin živi izvan Srbije (PDF). Novosti: 5. May 2014 [2019-11-02]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-06-05).
- ^ Serbs around the World by region (PDF). Serbian Unity Congress. 2013 [2020-12-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-12-05).
- ^ Tab. 6.2 Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti podle krajů [Table. 6.2 Population by nationality, by region] (PDF). Czech Statistical Office. 2011 [2020-12-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-01-31) (捷克语).
- ^ Kolev, Yordan, Българите извън България 1878 – 1945, 2005, р. 18 Quote:"В началото на XXI в. общият брой на етническите българи в България и зад граница се изчислява на около 10 милиона души/In 2005 the number of Bulgarians is 10 million people
- ^ The Report: Bulgaria 2008. Oxford Business Group. 2008: 8 [26 March 2016]. ISBN 978-1-902339-92-4.
- ^ Karatnycky, Adrian. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 2000–2001. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 2001: 81 [7 June 2015]. ISBN 978-0-7658-0884-4. (原始内容存档于2020-07-22).
- ^ Daphne Winland, Croatian Diaspora, Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember; Ian Skoggard (编), Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities 2 illustrated, Springer Science+Business: 76, 2004 [2020-12-09], ISBN 978-0-306-48321-9, (原始内容存档于2016-05-08),
It is estimated that 4.5 million Croatians live outside Croatia ...
- ^ Hrvatski Svjetski Kongres. [1 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2003-06-23)., Croatian World Congress, "4.5 million Croats and people of Croatian heritage live outside of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina"
- ^ Palermo, Francesco. National Minorities in Inter-State Relations: Filling the Legal Vacuum?. Francesco Palermo (编). National Minorities in Inter-State Relations. Natalie Sabanadze. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2011: 11. ISBN 978-90-04-17598-3.
- ^ 22.0 22.1 including 4,353,000 in Slovakia (according to the census 2011), 147,000 single ethnic identity, 19,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 18,000 Czech and Slovak and 1,000 Slovak and another identity) in Czech Republic (according to the census 2011), 53,000 in Serbia (according to the census 2011 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)), 762,000 in the USA (according to the census 2010 Archive.is的存档,存档日期2020-02-12), 2,000 single ethnic identity and 1,000 multiple ethnic identity Slovak and Polish in Poland (according to the census 2011 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)), 21,000 single ethnic identity, 43,000 multiple ethnic identity in Canada (according to the census 2006 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))
- ^ Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora; Gerovska, Dragica. Матица на Иселениците на Македонија [Matrix of Expatriates of Macedonia]. Skopje: Macedonian Expatriation Almanac '95. 1995: 52–53 (马其顿语).
- ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2020-12-09]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-08-18).
- Pål Kolstø, "The new Russian diaspora - an identity of its own? Possible identity trajectories for Russians in the former Soviet republic." Ethnic and Racial studies, July 1996, pp. 609–639
- Pål Kolstø, "The price of stability. Kazakhstani control mechanisms in a bipolar cultural and demographic situation", paper presented at conf. Democracy and Pluralism in the Muslim Areas of the Former Soviet Union at The Cummings Center, University of Tel Aviv, 7–9 November 1999 [1](页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Autin, Claire, «Les États baltes. Le défi des minorités russophones», Géographie et cultures, No. 38, 2001 :5-24